1920年前后“现代化”和“社会主义”的中国解读

发布时间：2018-04-09 02:41

本文选题：现代化　切入点：社会主义　出处：《复旦大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 自鸦片战争始,中国被迫开启现代化进程,从物质、政治到思想文化,在面向西方资本主义现代文明的多方求索中,民族危机不断加深。1920年前后,社会主义作为新的路径选择得到广泛关注,遂在实际参与历史进程中成为中国社会发展的主导趋向,实现了民族建国这一现代化的第一要务。理解上述现代化问题的中国解读,必须立足于中国近代史面临的独特的历史课题。作为外源型(防御型)现代化,传统与现代的紧张以中、西强弱对比的方式呈现,寻求富强成为中国现代化的现实要求,国外各种社会思潮在御侮救亡的历史主题中得到阐释,并在民族主义的历史语境中接受检验。民国成立后,共和政体很快蜕变为军绅政权,资本主义发展迟缓,农业经济持续困顿,西方现代化之路在中国前景渺茫。此时,俄国十月革命提供了新的契机,1919年巴黎和会激起的行动主义很快汇入社会主义,中国走上了一条非西方的现代化之路,并且现实地表达为反西方的民族独立斗争。社会主义用之于中国,首先着眼于对理论的最大实用性要求,其内涵的实现同样需要在中国历史境遇中得到解读。1920年前后随着中国现代化路径选择的转向,新文化运动的思想启蒙归入政治革命的历史叙事,但缺少资本主义的长足发展和充分的现代启蒙,中国的社会主义将同时面临各种前现代的困扰和现代性的挑战,从传统到现代之路任重道远,这是社会主义现代化必须面对和破解的难题。本文立足于新的时代平台,通过对1920年前后中国现代化之路急剧转向的历史考察,既试图理解中国走社会主义现代化道路之固有逻辑,也希望达到对社会主义(共产主义)从理论到实践更深地理解。
[Abstract]:Since the Opium War, China has been forced to start the process of modernization, from material, political to ideological and cultural, in the face of Western capitalist modern civilization, the national crisis deepened.Socialism, as a new path choice, has received extensive attention, and has become the leading trend of Chinese social development in the process of actual participation in the historical process, thus realizing the first important task of the modernization of national nation-building.To understand the above-mentioned modernization problems in China, we must base ourselves on the unique historical issues faced by Chinese modern history.As a foreign type (defensive type) modernization, the tension between tradition and modern is presented in the way of contrast of strength and weakness between the west and the middle. Seeking prosperity and strength becomes the realistic requirement of China's modernization. Various social trends of thought abroad have been explained in the historical theme of resisting aggression and saving the nation.And to be tested in the historical context of nationalism.After the founding of the Republic of China, the Republican regime quickly transformed into a military and gentry regime, the development of capitalism was slow, the agricultural economy continued to be difficult, and the prospect of western modernization in China was slim.At this time, the Russian October Revolution provided a new opportunity. The activism aroused by the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 quickly merged into socialism, and China embarked on a non-Western road of modernization, and expressed in reality as a national independence struggle against the West.The use of socialism in China first focuses on the greatest practical requirements for theory, and the realization of its connotation also needs to be interpreted in the historical circumstances of China.The ideological enlightenment of the New Culture Movement is classified as the historical narrative of the political revolution, but without the substantial development of capitalism and the full modern enlightenment, the socialism of China will face all kinds of pre-modern puzzles and challenges of modernity at the same time.The road from tradition to modernity has a long way to go, which is a difficult problem that socialist modernization must face and solve.Based on the new era platform, this paper attempts to understand the inherent logic of China's socialist modernization road through the historical investigation of the sharp turning of the road of China's modernization around 1920.It is also hoped to achieve a deeper understanding of socialism (communism) from theory to practice.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K26

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