农业合作化运动时期中农研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 03:10

本文选题：农业合作化 + 中农　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统的中国农民具有发家求富、谨慎逐利等阶级特征,以“实利”为政治、经济活动的基点。农业合作化运动时期,一心渴求发家致富,追求经济实利的农民,尤其是作为农民主体的中农,却呈现出实际行为与心理逻辑的错位：放弃单干,加入合作社,掀起了入社热潮,似是做出了违反“理性”的行为。本文试图以中农在农业合作化时期的行为特征表现与心理变化逻辑为视角,透析隐藏在这二者矛盾背后的复杂动因和发生机制,指出这一时期中农行为、心理的变化,实质是在强势政治力量、群体压力、经济诱惑等多种因素作用下,所做出的无奈而“理性”的选择。土改后,中国乡村在社会经济、政治结构和社会心理状况等层面发生了深刻变化。农村出现中农化趋势,在生产资料、生产工具等方面具有相对优势的中农成为农村人口的大多数。因此,中农之向背,关系到乡村社会的稳定,影响着新生政权的巩固。中国共产党为实现社会主义改造,根据农村社会政治、经济形势的变化,将中农划分为依靠对象、团结对象,其实质是对中农阶级的内部分化与动员。调整阶级政策,意味着重新界定中农阶级身份,对中农产生了巨大的冲击。除高强度的政治压力之外,群体内部的压力、政治宣传的动员、政策倾斜的诱惑等,无一不在挤压着中农的生存空间,限制了中农选择的可能性。因此,农业合作化运动初期,新下中农首先加入到了互助合作的队伍之中,多数上中农则仍然坚持单干；然而,农业合作化运动渐入高潮后,富裕中农亦争先恐后入社,掀起办社、入社的虚假热潮。其时,对重重重压下的中农而言,放弃暂时的经济利益,或主动或被动地融入入社大流,是处于全能政治下无奈而又最为明智的选择。农业合作化运动时期,中农在强势政治主导的社会环境中,由发家致富、追求单干,转为屈服强力、入社自保,再到质疑合作化、闹退社,最后重返合作社,一心追求发家致富的中农终于湮没在了以集体化为目标的农业合作化运动的浪潮中。梳理该历史时期国家不断渗入乡村的进程,研究其间国家阶级政策、阶级行为与心理的复杂流变,分析不断扩张中的国家力量与阶级阶层的互动过程,目的在于透过中农阶级的行为表象,深入探析其实际政治行为与政治心理相悖的根源,洞见乡村政治复杂的运行结构与运作模式；反思历史,作为当代中国政党处理多元化社会阶层关系的历史参照,进而为其制定合理的社会政策,开展有序的阶层互动提供历史借鉴。
[Abstract]:The traditional Chinese peasants have the class characteristics of family wealth, prudent pursuit of profit and so on, and regard "real profit" as the basis of political and economic activities.During the period of the agricultural cooperative movement, the peasants, who were eager to make their family rich and pursue the economic benefits, especially the middle peasants as the main body of the peasants, showed the dislocation of actual behavior and psychological logic: giving up working alone and joining the co-operatives.The upsurge of joining the society seemed to violate the rational behavior.From the angle of view of the behavior characteristics and the logic of psychological change of the middle peasants in the period of agricultural cooperation, this paper attempts to analyze the complex causes and the occurrence mechanism hidden behind these two contradictions, and point out the changes of the behavior and psychology of the middle peasants in this period.The essence is the helpless and rational choice made under the influence of strong political force, group pressure, economic temptation and so on.After the land reform, China's rural areas have undergone profound changes in social economy, political structure and social psychological situation.There is a trend of middle agriculture in rural areas. The middle peasants, who have relative advantages in the fields of means of production and tools of production, become the majority of the rural population.Therefore, the direction of the middle-peasants, related to the stability of rural society, affecting the consolidation of the new regime.In order to realize the socialist transformation, the Communist Party of China divides the middle peasants into dependent objects and United objects according to the changes of rural social politics and economic situation. The essence of the CPC is to divide and mobilize the middle peasant class.Adjusting the class policy means redefining the status of the middle peasant, which has a great impact on the middle peasant.In addition to the high intensity of political pressure, the internal pressure of the group, the mobilization of political propaganda, and the temptation of policy inclination, all of them are squeezing the living space of the middle peasants and limiting the possibility of their choice.Therefore, in the early stages of the agricultural cooperative movement, the new lower middle peasants first joined the ranks of mutual aid and cooperation, while most of the upper middle peasants still insisted on working alone. However, after the agricultural cooperative movement gradually reached its climax, the rich middle peasants also scrambled to join the co-operatives.Set off a false craze for setting up and joining the co-operatives.At that time, for the middle peasants under heavy pressure, giving up temporary economic interests or actively or passively integrating into the society is the most sensible and helpless choice under omnipotent politics.During the period of the agricultural cooperative movement, in the social environment dominated by a strong political force, the middle peasants made their families rich, went after the pursuit of self-employment, turned to yield to strength, joined the co-operatives for their own protection, then questioned the co-operative process, withdrew from the co-operatives, and finally returned to the co-operatives.The middle peasants, who were all in pursuit of wealth, were finally buried in the tide of the collectivized agricultural cooperative movement.Combing the process of the country's infiltration into the countryside during the historical period, studying the complex evolution of the national class policy, class behavior and psychology, and analyzing the interactive process between the expanding national power and the class stratum.Through the behavior appearance of the middle peasant class, the purpose of this paper is to probe into the root causes of the contradiction between the actual political behavior and the political psychology, to gain insight into the complex operation structure and operation mode of rural politics, and to reflect on the history.As a historical reference for contemporary Chinese political parties to deal with pluralistic social stratum relations, it can provide historical reference for them to formulate reasonable social policies and carry out orderly social interaction.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K27

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