民国河口地方法院研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 03:19

本文选题：河口 + 地方法院　；参考：《江西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以铅山县档案馆所藏民国河口地方法院档案为主体史料，考察了南京国民政府时期河口地方法院的历史演变、组织结构、人员构成及运作情况等，在此基础上探讨了民国司法改革的得失。河口地方法院建立于民国二十四年（1935），到民国三十八年（1949）河口镇解放而告终，历时整整十四年。在此期间，河口地方法院一直处于南京国民政府的控制之下，未受到国共内战及抗日战争之波及，，是一个很具代表性的地方法院。河口地方法院组织结构完备，人员配置齐全，作为庞大的司法体系中的一个部分一直有条不紊的运作着。可以说，河口地方法院是南京国民政府时期基层法院的一个典型代表。通过对河口地方法院进行分析我们可以看到，法院的各级机构确实是严格按照《法院组织法》等法律的规定而设立的，在法院中任职的司法官们也都是经过严格选拔才获得资格的。在河口地方法院建立之初，也确实是按照制度的规定进行运作的。然而由于政治环境的不稳定、经济状况的恶化、监督制度上的疏漏、司法官道德的滑坡等各种原因，河口地方法院逐渐出现了各种问题，如司法管辖权受到干扰、司法官员的物质待遇难以保证、人员任免出现腐败现象、案件审理不严格依照程序、用罚金代替刑罚等。以河口地方法院为代表的各级新式地方法院是南京国民政府效仿西方司法制度进行变革的一次重要尝试，这次尝试虽然有很多不尽如人意的地方，但也为后世提供了宝贵的经验。
[Abstract]:Taking the archives of the estuary court of the Republic of China as the main historical data, this paper investigates the historical evolution, organizational structure, personnel composition and operation of the local court of the estuary in the period of the Nanjing National Government.On this basis, the author discusses the gains and losses of judicial reform in the Republic of China.The Estuary District Court was established in 1935 and ended in 1939.During this period, the Estuary District Court was always under the control of the Nanjing National Government and was not affected by the KMT Civil War and the Anti-Japanese War, so it was a representative local court.The Estuary District Court is well organized and staffed and has been operating methodically as part of the vast judicial system.It can be said that the Estuary District Court is a typical representative of the basic courts in the period of Nanjing National Government.Through the analysis of the Estuary District Court, we can see that the organs of the court at all levels have indeed been established in strict accordance with the provisions of laws such as the Law on the Organization of the Court.Judges serving in the courts are also strictly selected to qualify.At the beginning of the establishment of the Estuary District Court, it did operate in accordance with the provisions of the system.However, due to the instability of the political environment, the deterioration of the economic situation, the omissions in the supervision system, the decline in the morality of magistrates, and so on, the Estuary District Court gradually appeared various problems, such as the interference of the jurisdiction.The material treatment of judicial officials is difficult to guarantee, the appointment and dismissal of personnel appear corruption, the cases are not strictly in accordance with the procedure, and the penalty is replaced by a fine.The new local courts at various levels, represented by the Estuary District Court, are an important attempt by the Nanjing National Government to reform the judicial system of the West, although there are many unsatisfactory places in this attempt.But it also provides valuable experience for later generations.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D693.2;K262.9

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