国家、制度、要素市场与发展：中国近世租佃制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 14:04

本文选题：制度 + 生产要素　；参考：《清华大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：中国传统社会的土地租佃制度是中国历史上一个特别重要的问题，重中之重，是认识中国长期以来社会经济发展的一把关键钥匙。作为中国历史上绵延数千年的一个制度，在近世至少影响到中国三分之一以上的土地和人口、构成中国社会的重要经济基础的这样一个制度，其意义当然是非常重大的。这个问题如果不能得到正确认识，则不能认为我们已经清楚地认识了中国历史发展的规律。本文采取多角度叠加深入的研究思路，同时较好地融合了历史学、社会学与经济学的研究方法，既能够大量采用史料，又能够有效运用经济学的理论和模型分析，对与租佃制度有关的人际关系、土地产权关系、要素关系及制度关系等等进行了全面深入研究，以求更好的把握这一制度的实质和深刻意义。本文主要试图证明如下观点：首先，确认近世中国佃农一般具有独立的人身和经济地位，而且，能够适应市场竞争。所以，中国近世的佃农可以被看作是企业家。其次，确认中国近世以来市场是配置土地资源的主要方式，并认为近世中国土地具有复合性的所有权结构。再次，研究认为：近世以来的中国社会，土地问题实际上已经在本质上转化成为一种资本问题，甚至于在金融发展严重滞后的情况，，成为一种货币问题。最后，用系统而且全面深入的经济模型来分析中国近世农业生产中的要素关系，并对传统经济理论中认为租佃制度降低生产效率的观点进行了澄清，认为在中国近世社会的特定现实条件下，租佃制度造成的负面作用很小，正面意义却很大。并利用模型来证明中国近世分成租与定额租之间的转化动力更多地受制于市场供求关系，进而据此模型对台湾土地改革成功的原因提出新的看法。
[Abstract]:The land tenancy system in Chinese traditional society is a very important issue in Chinese history. It is the most important issue and the key to understand the social and economic development of China for a long time.As a system that has lasted for thousands of years in Chinese history, it is of great significance that it affects at least 1/3 land and population of China in modern times and constitutes the important economic foundation of Chinese society.If this problem is not correctly understood, we cannot think that we have clearly understood the law of the development of Chinese history.This article adopts the multi-angle superposition thorough research thought, at the same time has better merges the history, the sociology and the economics research method, not only can use the historical data in a large amount, but also can use the economics theory and the model analysis effectively.In order to better grasp the essence and significance of the tenancy system, this paper makes a thorough study on the interpersonal relationship, land property right relationship, essential factor relationship and institutional relationship related to the tenancy system.This paper mainly tries to prove the following points:Firstly, it is recognized that modern Chinese sharecroppers generally have independent personal and economic status and are able to adapt to market competition.Therefore, modern Chinese tenant farmers can be regarded as entrepreneurs.Secondly, it is confirmed that the market has been the main way to allocate land resources in China since modern times, and the ownership structure of land in modern China is complex.Thirdly, the study holds that in modern Chinese society, the land problem has actually been transformed into a capital problem in essence, and even a monetary problem in the case of a serious lag in financial development.Finally, the relationship of factors in modern Chinese agricultural production is analyzed with a systematic and comprehensive economic model, and the viewpoint that tenancy system reduces production efficiency in traditional economic theory is clarified.It is believed that under the specific realistic conditions of modern Chinese society, the negative effect of tenancy system is very small, but the positive significance is very great.The model is used to prove that the power of transformation between rent division and quota rent in modern China is more constrained by the relationship between market supply and demand. Based on this model, a new view on the reasons for the success of land reform in Taiwan is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K25;F329

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