张岱著史情结研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 02:14

本文选题：张岱 + 著史情结　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：张岱是明末清初富有气节的史学家和文学家,因其一生书写而备受时人与后人的关注。从早年自称的“纨绔子弟”到晚年转向对于社会大变动表现出的严肃面目,张岱身上几乎凝结了晚明士大夫最为典型的心路历程,继而用以史明鉴、借史抒怀这种隐而不宣的表达方式来研治明史。本文从《石匮书》等文本出发具体考察张岱的著史情结所表现出来的深刻内容,进而展现晚明私家修史者的矛盾心态,以及在王朝更替之际对人生、历史的思考,以张岱为代表的“文化遗民”作为清初文化的基本撰写队伍,他们的观念和文化成果对于清初文化秩序的重建、文化格局的重构又起到了推动作用。具体来讲,本文从三个方面展开论述：第一部分介绍张岱其人其史,讨论张岱如何在大动荡时期成为闪耀的文坛之星,又因生逢乱世,家道衰落,落得凄凉晚景。晚明的社会思潮、人文氛围造就了张岱的纨绔习气和名士风度,也刺激了他转而修史,以史抒怀。在易代之际用一生著史来试图扭转“国史失诬,家史失谀,野史失臆”的局面。第二部分是对张岱一生写史原因的综合分析,主要从家族修史精神的传承、江浙地区修史传统、空间地域下的学术交游和遗民身份几个方面来分析。在清初文化体制下表达书写历史的情怀。全方位、多视角、立体化展现张岱的史学情怀是如何形成的,在晚明私家修史的大背景下,张岱修史动机的复杂性。通过还原这种渐成的复杂性,逐步揭示晚明世道变迁对当时的士人群体文化归宿的影响,史学如何成为众人的明志选择。第三部分是从张岱的著史情结出发,通过考察易代之际的思想混乱、观念多元、谣言四起,反映晚明历史书写的肆意和私意,由此凸显张岱作为一名遗民如何极力通过历史书写重塑一个想象中的晚明世界,如何将修史当做话语权争夺的工具和夺取政治支持的平台。从其写史的动机和文本总结出他的史鉴情结、遗民情结,以及在哀思王朝覆灭的过程中如何一步步启动理性思考,反思明代的无力统治。
[Abstract]:Zhang Dai is a famous historian and writer in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.From the self-proclaimed "dandy" in the early years to the seriousness of the great changes in society in his later years, Zhang Dai's body almost condensed the most typical mental journey of the literati and officials of the late Ming Dynasty, and then used it for Shi Mingjian.Express the history of this hidden and unannounced way of expression to study the history of the Ming Dynasty.In this paper, the author makes a concrete investigation of the profound content of Zhang Dai's historical complex from the texts such as "Shikui Shu", and then shows the contradictory mentality of the private historians in the late Ming Dynasty, as well as their reflections on life and history at the time of the change of dynasty.Zhang Dai as the representative of "cultural relic" as the basic writing team of the early Qing culture, their ideas and cultural achievements played a role in the reconstruction of the cultural order and the reconstruction of the cultural structure in the early Qing Dynasty.Specifically, this paper discusses from three aspects:The first part introduces Zhang Dai's history and discusses how Zhang Dai became a shining literary star in the turbulent period, and his family was in decline.The late Ming social trend of thought, humanistic atmosphere created Zhang Dai's dandyish habits and personage style, but also stimulated him to turn to history, to express history.The author tries to reverse the situation of "the loss of national history, the loss of flattery of family history, and the loss of wild history".The second part is a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for Zhang Dai's life writing history, mainly from the family spirit of historical heritage, Jiangsu and Zhejiang region, the tradition of history repair, the space of academic exchanges and the identity of the bereaved people to analyze several aspects.Express the feelings of writing history under the cultural system in the early Qing Dynasty.Omni-directional, multi-angle, three-dimensional showing how Zhang Dai's feelings of historiography were formed. Under the background of the history of private practice in the late Ming Dynasty, Zhang Dai's motives for historical revision were complicated.Through the restoration of this gradual complexity, the influence of the changes of the late Ming Dynasty on the cultural fate of the scholars at that time was revealed step by step, and how historiography became the people's choice of the Ming Dynasty.The third part is based on Zhang Dai's historical complex, by examining the confusion of ideas, the diversity of ideas, and the rise of rumors, which reflects the wanton and private meaning of the writing of the history of the late Ming Dynasty.This highlights how Zhang Dai, as a relic, tried his best to reshape an imaginary late Ming world through historical writing, and how to use history revision as a tool for the struggle for the right to speak and as a platform to win political support.From the motive and text of his writing history, this paper sums up his historical complex, the feelings of the bereaved people, and how to start rational thinking step by step and reflect on the powerless rule of the Ming Dynasty in the process of the fall of the mourning dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K251

【参考文献】