南京国民政府时期河南的县级治安制度（1927-1937）

发布时间：2018-04-18 08:27

本文选题：南京国民政府 + 河南省　；参考：《河南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 北洋政府时期,河南省基层地方的治安组织机构紊乱,缺乏具有核心权威性的治安制度。南京国民政府成立后,国家建设逐步迈入现代化的进程,国家政权重建的同时,其触角也开始向下探及。无论是开始的县自治、区自治、乡镇自治还是后来的赋予区以法律意义的政权地位,政府都旨在加强对基层地方社会的控制。随着权力向基层的渗透,地方的治安制度的建设也逐步确立起来,各个治安组织相继建立或得到改善并最终确立了以县长为核心、县政府为主导的县级治安制度。在南京国民政府的反共浪潮下,作为“剿匪”省区的河南,其基层地方的治安制度不可避免的带有明显的反共色彩,表现出了治安制度的两面性。与此同时,为了最大限度的实现对地方社会的控制,在制度设计上也一定程度的向旧有的制度妥协,并没有严格的窠臼在现代化的框架下构成真正意义的现代化的治安制度。本文以1927-1937年间河南县级基层政权建制的变化为主轴,考察此时期河南的县级治安制度的确立、演变及其特征。一、自治时期的河南县级治安制度。南京国民政府成立伊始就开始着手对县级地方治安组织的整顿。确立县地方自治后,又成立了县清乡局,整改了县地方团队,区公安分局的职能得以明确,设立了户籍警并最终确立了以县长为核心的县级治安制度。二、编查保甲时期的河南县级治安制度。为了反共的需要,1932年河南省开始在基层编查保甲,这样地方的自治事业事实上宣告了停止。编查保甲后,县级的基层建制发生了变化,在此基础上成立了壮丁队并与之前的县地方团队受统一的调配指挥,参与地方的“剿匪”任务。县公安局的编制被缩小为县警察所。县清乡局改为县清乡办事处,作为调配中心在维护地方治安的过程中与其他组织相互协助。三、分区设署和裁局改科后的河南县级治安制度。随着区级政权的法律地位的确立,区公署成为维持地方治安的直接政权。保甲内的壮丁队参与到警察县乡的日常工作更加剥夺了本已丧失组织机构的基层警察的权力。此时期的县级治安制度下实施社会控制作用的治安实体已经变成了由县长直接控制的各个团队,县公安局长或是警佐对县长工作的分离力被降到了最低程度。
[Abstract]:In the period of Beiyang government, the local public security organizations in the grass-roots areas of Henan Province were disorganized and lacked the public security system with core authoritativeness.After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, the national construction gradually entered the process of modernization. At the same time, the state regime was rebuilt, and its tentacles began to probe down.The government aims to strengthen the control of the local society at the grass-roots level, whether at the beginning of the county autonomy, the district autonomy, the township autonomy or the later power status that gives the district the legal significance.With the infiltration of power to the grass roots, the construction of local security system has been gradually established, and various security organizations have established or improved one after another and finally established the county security system with the county chief as the core and the county government as the dominant one.Under the anti-Communist tide of the Nanjing National Government, Henan, as a province and region of "suppressing bandits", inevitably has obvious anti-Communist color in its security system at the grass-roots level, showing the dual character of the public security system.At the same time, in order to maximize the control of local society, the system design also to a certain extent to the old system compromise, and there is no strict rut in the framework of modernization constitutes the real meaning of the modern public security system.Based on the changes of the county level political system in Henan during 1927-1937, this paper investigates the establishment, evolution and characteristics of the county security system in this period.First, the county-level security system in Henan during the period of autonomy.From the beginning of the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, it began to rectify the local security organizations at the county level.After establishing the county local autonomy, the county Qing township bureau was set up, the county local team was rectified, the function of the district public security bureau was clarified, the household registration police was established and the county security system with the county chief as the core was finally established.Second, check the period of Henan county security system.In 1932, Henan Province began to investigate the Communist Party at the grass-roots level, so the local autonomy actually ceased.After compiling and investigating Baojia, the grass-roots system at the county level has changed. On this basis, the Zhuang Gun team was set up and was unified with the former county local team to take part in the local task of "suppressing bandits".The establishment of the county public security bureau was reduced to a county police station.County Qingxiang Bureau changed to county Qingxiang Office, as the distribution center in the process of maintaining local public order and other organizations to assist each other.Thirdly, the county security system of Henan after the division of division and the bureau.With the establishment of the legal status of the district power, the district office became the direct power to maintain local public order.Baojiane's involvement in the daily work of police counties and townships has further deprived the grassroots police officers of their organization.During this period, the public security entities that implemented social control under the county security system had become the teams directly controlled by the county chief, and the separation power of the county security chief or police sergeant to the county chief was reduced to the minimum.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K262.9

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