民国时期北京人力车夫生活研究（1912—1937）

发布时间：2018-04-18 19:32

本文选题：北京人力车夫 + 生活　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在北京现代交通工具还没有普及的时候,人力车为市民的便利出行做出了巨大的贡献,是北京街头巷口的一道独特风景线。当时人力车业发展迅速,车夫群体随之壮大,不少北京市民加入了拉车的队伍,还有一些近郊农民也参与进来。人力车夫的工作环境糟糕,且每日收入难以与付出成正比。微薄的收入给他们造成了巨大的生活压力,严重拉低了他们的家庭生活水准,甚至有不少人过不上正常的家庭生活。沉重的生活负担,加之职业病频发,使车夫们试图寻找一些方式消遣以解苦闷,然而他们的经济支付能力又不允许其过度消费。为了尽可能多的获得消遣资本,一些车夫难免会通过非常手段获取。引人注目的是,车夫的政治态度开始明朗起来。随着新式交通工具的不断引进,分流了一部分人力车夫的客源,这就使车夫的生活更加不堪,加上对当局管理不满的增加,他们逐渐倾向于代表劳苦大众的共产党。车夫在与共产党的互动中开始有思想上的靠拢,甚至有些车夫随着思想的升华直接加入到党组织之中。值得一提的是,终日奔跑在大街小巷的车夫,从侧面潜移默化地影响北京城市现代化的发展。通过客观公正地还原生活场景,既能加深对民国时期北京人力车夫这样群体的客观认识,也能管窥当时北京的下层社会的具体细节,还有利于全面了解北京城市化的进程。
[Abstract]:At a time when modern transportation in Beijing has not been popularized, rickshaw has made a great contribution to the convenience of travel, and it is a unique scenic spot at the entrance of Beijing street lane.At that time, the rickshaw industry developed rapidly, and the group of rickshaw drivers grew. Many Beijing residents joined the rickshaw pullers, and some suburban farmers also joined in.Rickshaw drivers work in poor working conditions, and their daily income is hard to match their pay.The meagre income has caused great living pressure to them, has seriously lowered their family standard of living, even many people cannot lead the normal family life.The heavy burden of living, combined with the frequent occurrence of occupational diseases, makes rickshaw drivers try to find ways to relieve their distress, but their financial ability to pay does not allow them to overspend.In order to obtain as much recreational capital as possible, some rickshaws will inevitably obtain it by extraordinary means.Remarkably, the political attitude of the coachman began to become clear.With the introduction of new modes of transport, a portion of the patronage of rickshaw drivers was diverted, which made their lives even worse, and, coupled with an increase in dissatisfaction with the management of the authorities, they gradually tended to the Communist Party, which represented the labouring masses.In the interaction with the Communist Party, the rickshaw began to have a close thought, and some rickshaws even joined the Party organization directly with the sublimation of their ideas.It is worth mentioning that the drivers running all day long in the streets and alleys have a subtle influence on the development of Beijing's urban modernization.Through the objective and fair restoration of the life scene, not only can we deepen the objective understanding of such groups as the Beijing rickshaw drivers in the period of the Republic of China, but also get a glimpse of the specific details of the lower class in Beijing at that time, and it is also conducive to an overall understanding of the process of Beijing's urbanization.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K258

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