从清末来华传教士“发现兼爱”谈儒墨关系的演变及启示

发布时间：2018-04-19 15:47

本文选题：艾约瑟 + 兼爱　；参考：《贵州社会科学》2017年03期

【摘要】：19世纪60年代前后,来华传教士第一次跳出儒家仁爱的局限,从现代意义上"发现"兼爱,由此引发了近代以来儒墨关系的演变。二千余年以来,对兼爱的痛斥—辩护—肯定的不同态度生动折射出不同历史境遇下儒墨关系研究范式的转换。从仁爱和兼爱的比较讨论儒墨之学,两家具有本质差别:因为在先秦社会急剧转型之际,不同思想家对个体伦理和族群道路的设计不同,与儒家在小农经济的社会结构中从五伦出发探索人际理想模式相较,墨家作为工商业的代言者,在儒家的五伦之外将跨血缘、跨地域、跨空间的人际关系纳入思考的范畴。儒墨二家伦理分别是传统农业社会和工商业萌芽阶段的价值系统,前者成熟,后者与以市场化和全球化为主要标志的现代商业社会十分契合。二家学说的排斥关系在今天应该放弃,如果取长补短,那么同具古老文化基础,同有人道精神的文化传统肯定能合流为一种适应当下的比较完美的中国传统伦理。
[Abstract]:Around the 1860s, missionaries came to China for the first time to jump out of the limitation of Confucian benevolence and to "discover" both love in the modern sense, which led to the evolution of the relationship between Confucianism and Mohism in modern times.For more than two thousand years, the different attitudes of denunciation, defense and affirmation of both love vividly reflect the transformation of the paradigm of the research on the relationship between Confucianism and Mohist under different historical circumstances.Discussing Confucianism and Mohism from the comparison of benevolence and love, there are essential differences between the two: at the time of the rapid transformation of pre-Qin society, different thinkers designed different ways of individual ethics and ethnic groups.Compared with the Confucian exploration of interpersonal ideal mode in the social structure of small-scale peasant economy, Mohism, as a endorser of industry and commerce, brings into consideration the interpersonal relationship across blood, region and space outside of the five social structures of Confucianism.Confucian and Mohist ethics are the value system of the traditional agricultural society and the budding stage of industry and commerce respectively. The former is mature and the latter is in agreement with the modern commercial society marked by marketization and globalization.The repulsive relationship between the two doctrines should be abandoned today. If we learn from each other, then the cultural tradition with the same ancient cultural foundation and the spirit of Tao can certainly merge into a more perfect Chinese traditional ethics adapted to the present situation.
【作者单位】：北京外国语大学;
【基金】：贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题青年项目“清末民国来华传教士的墨学思想研究”(16GZGX12)
【分类号】：K252

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