重庆利济财团研究（1937-1939）

发布时间：2018-04-19 18:37

本文选题：重庆利济财团 + 组建原因　；参考：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：重庆利济财团成立于1937年1月,1939年8月1日结束,历时两年零七个月。其由川盐银行、美丰银行、川康殖业银行、重庆银行、四川商业银行、江海银行、四川省银行等重庆七家银行组建而成。财团的组建与当时四川所开展的禁烟运动息息相关,其实质是重庆金融业为配合四川省政府所实行的烟土统制政策,而由七家银行所临时组成的金融联盟。以往学术界对于该财团的研究相对较少,本文根据已掌握的材料,意图重新对此问题加以探讨,以期有所突破。利济财团的组建是一种时代的产物,它的组建与1935年四川省政府迫于国民政府压力厉行禁烟有着莫大的关联。而1937年四川省政府迫于财政困境,一改寓禁于征的禁烟政策为烟土统制,意图获取巨额利益,却苦于统制资金无着,不得已求助于重庆金融界,是为财团产生的直接动因。从利济财团各成员行同政府的关系考量,利济财团得以组建的原因,除了巨大的获利前景外,另一方面则主要得益于长久以来各行与四川政府间各种错综复杂的利益关系。就财团的运行而言,重庆利济财团作为四川烟土统制体系的重要一环,它通过开立期票、垫付款项、提供贷款等方式,对保障该体系的顺利运转发挥了重要作用。而在实际运行过程中,由于财团领导人基于以往与四川省政府合作进行烟土贸易的经验以及感情等方面的考量,盲目乐观,对于可能潜在的风险估计不足。导致财团运行逐渐出现偏差,垫款日多,危机开始显现。抗战爆发后,各行在艰难渡过七底比期之后,财团无力兑付财团所立七底期票,“重庆利济财团风潮”爆发,提存风起,受此“重庆利济财团风潮”影响“重庆公债风潮”爆发,重庆金融界陷于绝境。而后在刘航琛等人以及国民政府、四川省政府等的大力救济下,风潮得以平息。风潮平息后围绕着财团未兑期票、垫款等问题,利济财团、四川省财政厅、禁烟总局等经过协商,通过发放烟土实物,由各行白行销售,拨付款项等方式加以解决。就重庆利济财团的影响而言,一方面“重庆利济财团风潮”及“重庆公债风潮”的爆发促使重庆金融格局发生变化。另一方面,它推动了四川禁烟控权由四川省政府向国民政府的转移。此外,利济财团配合四川省禁烟局实施烟土统制,实质上是重庆金融业与二十一军、四川省政府长期合作的延续,通过对它的研究不仅有助于我们对民国时期重庆地区金融业与政府之间的关系有所了解,亦可对于现在我们如何处理企业与政府间的关系提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Chongqing Liji consortium was founded in January, 1937, and ended on August 1, 1939, lasting two years and seven months. It is set up by seven banks including Sichuan Salt Bank, Meifeng Bank, Chuankangge Bank, Chongqing Bank, Sichuan Commercial Bank, Jianghai Bank, Sichuan Bank of Sichuan, etc. The formation of consortia is closely related to the anti-smoking movement carried out in Sichuan at that time. The essence of the consortia is a financial alliance formed temporarily by seven banks in order to cooperate with the tobacco and soil control policy carried out by the Sichuan Provincial Government. In the past, there were relatively few studies on the consortium in academic circles. According to the materials we have mastered, this paper intends to discuss this problem again in order to make a breakthrough. The formation of Liji consortia is a product of the times, and its formation is greatly related to the suppression of smoking by the Sichuan Provincial Government in 1935 under the pressure of the National Government. In 1937, the Sichuan provincial government forced by the financial difficulties, changed the ban on smoking policy to the tobacco and soil control, with the intention to obtain a huge amount of benefits, but suffered from the control of funds, and had to resort to the financial circles of Chongqing, which was the direct cause for the consortia to produce. Considering the relationship between the members of the Liji consortium and the government, apart from the huge profit prospects, the main reason for the formation of the Liji consortium is mainly due to various complicated interests between the banks and the Sichuan government for a long time. As far as the operation of consortia is concerned, as an important part of Sichuan tobacco and soil control system, Chongqing Liji consortium has played an important role in ensuring the smooth operation of the system by issuing promissory notes, making advances and providing loans. However, in the actual operation process, the leaders of the consortium are blindly optimistic and underestimate the potential risks due to the past experience and feelings of cooperating with the Sichuan Provincial Government in carrying out tobacco and soil trade. As a result of the running of the consortium gradually deviated, more and more advances, the crisis began to appear. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, after the banks had been struggling through the seven-tiered period, the consortia were unable to pay the seven-floor promissory notes set up by the consortia. The "Chongqing Liji consortium storm" broke out, and the collection of funds started. Affected by the "Chongqing Liji consortia", "Chongqing government bond storm" broke out, Chongqing financial sector is in a desperate situation. Then Liu Hangchen and other people, as well as the National Government, Sichuan Provincial Government and other relief, the tide was quelled. After the tide subsided, the problems surrounding the consortia 'outstanding promissory notes and advances, such as the Liji consortia, the Sichuan Provincial Finance Department, the General Administration of Non-smoking, etc., were settled by way of distribution of tobacco and soil materials through sales and disbursement of funds by various white banks. As far as the influence of Chongqing Liji consortia is concerned, on the one hand, the breakout of "Chongqing Liji consortium" and "Chongqing government bonds" make the financial structure of Chongqing change. On the other hand, it promoted the transfer of smoking control power from Sichuan provincial government to national government. In addition, the Liji consortium cooperated with the Sichuan Anti-Tobacco Bureau to implement the tobacco and soil control system, which is essentially a continuation of the long-term cooperation between Chongqing's financial industry and the 21 Army and the Sichuan Provincial Government. The study not only helps us understand the relationship between finance and government in Chongqing during the Republic of China, but also provides a reference for us to deal with the relationship between enterprises and government.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F832.9;K265

【参考文献】