技术与生产：1950年代山西省农具改造及影响

发布时间：2018-04-19 18:13

本文选题：农具改造 + 技术　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：农具改造是建国初期农业生产技术革新的一项重要内容,文章选取了1950年代作为研究时间段,探讨山西省农具由传统到现代的改变,及其创造的社会历史面相。建国初期,在农业方面,中共致力于从根本上改变技术落后的现状,提高农业生产力,实现农业机械化。但是由于当时中国工业基础薄弱,还无法大规模生产农业机器。因此,国家指出,实现农业机械化的主要工作是对农具进行改造,大致分两个步骤:第一步,推广各种新式畜力农具;第二步,逐渐推进以半机械化和机械化为动力的农业机具。具体到山西而言,农具改造工作主要侧重于旧农具的增和改革,以及新式农具的推广。在其过程中,山西省建立了推广机构,如农具站、农建厅、农具技术改革办公室等,并且还设立了专门的设计、鉴定机构,并组织各个部门进行分工和合作,根据“重点示范推广,稳步发展”的原则,开展各种群众宣传教育运动,派专门的技术人员向农民讲解新式农具的优越性,开办多种农具学习班、展览会等,耐心地进行指导,不断强调技术的必要性与重要性,有计划有重点地在全省推广新式农具。在大跃进时期,又发动了大规模的农具改革运动,不断推动农业工具轴承化和深耕农具的改革。山西省的农具改造工作,在相当程度上改善了农业生产的现状,提高了农业生产率,增加了农业产量;同时将国家政策和意识通过新式农具的推广渠道传至基层社会,凸显了农业技术社会性的新态势,农民的劳动观念、科学观念等社会观念也随着农业技术的不断渗入发生着潜移默化的改变。这一研究为我们重新认识集体化时期农村社会变革史提供了新的视角。
[Abstract]:The transformation of agricultural implements is an important content in the technological innovation of agricultural production in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. This paper selects 1950s as the research period to discuss the change of agricultural implements from tradition to modernity in Shanxi Province and the social and historical aspects they create.In the early years of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China devoted itself to fundamentally changing the status quo of technological backwardness, improving agricultural productivity and realizing agricultural mechanization.But because of China's weak industrial base at that time, it was not possible to mass-produce agricultural machinery.Therefore, the State points out that the main task of realizing agricultural mechanization is to transform agricultural implements into two steps: first, to promote various new types of animal farm tools; and second,Gradually to promote the semi-mechanization and mechanization as the driving force of agricultural machinery.To Shanxi Province, the reform of agricultural tools is mainly focused on the increase and reform of old tools, as well as the promotion of new farm tools.In the process, Shanxi Province has set up extension agencies, such as farm tool stations, agricultural construction offices, agricultural tools technical reform offices, and has also set up special design and appraisal agencies, and organized various departments to work and cooperate.In accordance with the principle of "key demonstration and promotion, steady development", various mass propaganda and education campaigns have been launched, special technical personnel have been sent to explain to peasants the superiority of new farm implements, various kinds of farm tools classes and exhibitions have been opened, and they have been patiently instructed.Emphasizing the necessity and importance of technology, we have planned to popularize new farm tools in the province.During the Great Leap forward period, a large-scale reform movement of agricultural tools was launched, which promoted the reform of agricultural tools bearing and deep farming tools.The transformation of agricultural implements in Shanxi Province has to a certain extent improved the present situation of agricultural production, increased agricultural productivity and increased agricultural production. At the same time, the national policies and consciousness have been transmitted to the grass-roots society through the channels of popularization of new agricultural tools.It highlights the new situation of the sociality of agricultural technology, and the social concepts such as the concept of labor and the concept of science also change with the infiltration of agricultural technology.This research provides a new perspective for us to re-understand the history of rural social change in collectivization period.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27

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