对国共合作的历史考察与现实思考

发布时间：2018-04-20 19:39

本文选题：中国共产党 + 中国国民党　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：在中国共产党历史上的第一次国共合作与第二次国共合作分别发生在上个世纪的二十年代和三四十年代。第一次国共合作的历史背景是半殖民地半封建社会的中国面临着帝国主义与地方军阀勾结下的残酷剥削和压榨。第二次国共合作的历史背景是中国深受日本帝国主义的侵略。在近代中国两次面临国家灭亡、种族灭亡的危机时刻,中国政治舞台上的两大政党在巨大的共同外来压力面前需要团结一致,致力于挽救水火之中的中国。具体来说,在上世纪二十年代需要结束军事割据实现国家的统一,在三、四十年代必须抵御外来的侵略,挽救民族的危亡,完成近代半殖民地半封建社会的中国的一大历史任务——求得民族独立与人民解放。在两次国共合作的过程中,以爱国主义为核心的民族精神无疑是两次民族命运转折的关键因素。而中国人民对国家统一和民族独立的追求是国共合作的推动因素。共同的民族利益及其它各方面利益的契合是政见不一的两党走在一起的根本因素,当民族利益的威胁被解除时,两党的利益取向的分歧甚至对立则随之突显,两党所代表的阶级利益的巨大分歧也必然导致两党走向分裂,合作失败。在两次合作的过程中,对于两党合作方式的选择是在两党的政治力量较量之后所做出的必然选择。分别在两次合作过程中作为共同纲领或起着共同纲领作用的“新三民主义”、“抗日纲领”相当于合作集体的群体规范,其压力和作用是合作过程中解决两党冲突与加强两党合作的内在因素。对两次合作中建立的统一战线的维系能力与政党的成熟度密切相关,在第二次合作中,透过中国共产党对统一战线的有力维系,我们明显看到了中国共产党的成熟。对两次合作的过程,苏俄、美国、英国等国际因素也有不同程度的干涉与影响,通过考察这些国家行为背后的因素,可以发现利益是决定国际行为的最大诱因。本论文通过对两次合作的可能性、必然性,已及合作的最大行为动机,对合作的整个过程进行分析,总结了一些经验与教训。这些经验与教训对因国共两党历史上的纷争而遗留的大陆与台湾问题,对两个政党在新时期关系的发展及这种发展对解决两岸关系问题和实现中华民族的长远利益影响的思考具有现实的启迪作用。另一方面,立足于历史上两党的恩怨与现实上两党各自的发展及社会背景的变迁,我们也应看到两党在现实中有继承传统,重塑关系的可能性、必要性。同时,我们更应正视现实,对于国共关系重塑的平台、方式等都应做出相应的变革,在当前经济交流这一强大平台的基础之上,更多地去开拓与推进其它平台,采取两岸都能接受的途径和方法。民族的利益直接推进了历史上国共的两次合作,新时期,国家的统一,中华民族的伟大复兴同样也是民族的利益,更是民族的长远利益,我们希望在这一利益的推动下能实现两个政党的再度合作,早日实现国家统一。
[Abstract]:The first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the history of the Communist Party of China and the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party occurred in the 20s and 30s and 40s of the last century. The first historical background of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was that China faced the cruel exploitation and squeeze under the collusion of imperialism and the local warlords in the semi colonial and semi feudal society. The second National Communist party cooperation. The historical background is that China is deeply invaded by Japanese imperialism. In the two times China faced the crisis of national perdition and racial destruction in modern times, the two political parties on the Chinese political stage need unity and unity in the face of huge common external pressures to save China in the water. Specifically, in the 20s of last century, it was necessary In order to end the military separatist and realize the unification of the state, in the three, 40s, we must resist foreign aggression, save the nation's peril, complete a great historical task of China in the semi colonial and semi feudal society in modern times - to seek national independence and people's liberation. In the process of the two Kuomintang communist cooperation, the national spirit with patriotism as the core The question is the key factor of the two national destiny. The Chinese people's pursuit of national unity and national independence is the driving force for the cooperation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The common national interests and other interests are the fundamental factors of the dissidents of the two parties. When the threat of national interests is lifted, the interests of the two parties are oriented. The differences and even opposition show that the great differences between the two parties will inevitably lead to the division of the two parties and the failure of cooperation. In the process of the two cooperation, the choice of the mode of cooperation between the two parties is an inevitable choice after the political strength of the two parties. In the course of the two cooperation, it is the common program. The "Anti Japanese programme" is equivalent to the group norm of the cooperative collective. The pressure and function of the "Anti Japanese programme" is the internal factor of solving the two party conflicts and strengthening the cooperation of the two parties in the process of cooperation. The strength of the maintenance of the United Front established in the two cooperation is closely related to the maturity of the party, and second times. In cooperation, through the strong maintenance of the United Front by the Communist Party of China, we have clearly seen the maturity of the Communist Party of China. The international factors such as the two cooperation process, Soviet Russia, the United States, the United Kingdom and other international factors have different degrees of interference and influence. Through the investigation of the factors behind the behavior of these countries, it can be found that the interests are the greatest decisions of international behavior. This paper analyzes the whole process of cooperation through the possibility, inevitability, and the greatest motive of cooperation between the two cooperation, and summarizes some experiences and lessons. These experiences and lessons are the development of the relations between the two parties in the new period and the problems of the mainland and Taiwan left over by the history of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. On the other hand, we should also see the possibility of inheriting the traditions and reconstructing the relationship between the two parties in reality, on the other hand, based on the historical bipartisan enmity and the changes in the development of the two parties and the social background of the two parties. At the same time, we should pay more attention to reality. We should make corresponding changes to the platform and way of remolding the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. On the basis of the powerful platform of current economic exchange, we should expand and promote other platforms and adopt the ways and means that both sides can accept. The interests of the nation have directly promoted the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in history. The two cooperation, the new period, the unification of the state and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are also the interests of the nation, but also the long-term interests of the nation. We hope that, under the impetus of this interest, we can realize the re cooperation of the two parties and realize the reunification of the state as soon as possible.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K262

【参考文献】