李仪祉治理黄河理论及实践述评

发布时间：2018-04-22 00:36

本文选题：李仪祉 + 黄河　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：李仪祉（1882-1938）是我国近代著名的水利专家、教育家，被誉为“近代中国水利之父”，为我国江河治理事业做出了贡献。尤其是在黄河治理方面，从20世纪20年代开始一直到其逝世的近20年中，他提出了最为详细的治理方案并部分付诸实践，在长期的治河实践过程中形成了其独特的综合治理黄河理论。李仪祉综合治理黄河理论的形成与他生活的社会环境有着密切关系，他在继承和发展我国古代先人治河经验的基础上，汲取和借鉴西方先进的水利技术，并且将二者有机结合。其主要内容包括在治理黄河时始终坚持着勘测、试验先行的原则，用模型试验的方式决定对治河方案的取舍，主张统一治河机关以实现联合治水。在具体的治河过程中，，他强调要采取上中下游兼顾、固定河床巩固堤防、增加植被根除泥沙、兴建水库蓄洪防涨，以及不消极堵口，因势疏导等综合治理措施，从而走上了综合治理黄河的新道路，这些措施成为我国治理黄河由传统步入现代的一大转折点。另外，李仪祉还迈开了综合开发利用黄河的第一步，他重视水电开发在促进工业建设方面的作用，主张在黄河上兴建水库，利用水库蓄水发电；倡修灌渠促进农田灌溉，在此基础上完成了泾惠渠、渭惠渠、洛惠渠的修建；建议整理黄河航运，便利黄河流域交通，从而开启了开发利用黄河的新时代。总之，李仪祉的综合治理黄河理论具有科学性、实践性、创新性、综合性、传承性等特色，虽然由于受政治、经济、社会等因素限制而在实践中没有取得较大成效，但是其对我国现在水利事业的发展以及环境治理事业的指导性意义是不容忽视的。我们要坚持和发扬李仪祉不懈的治水精神，借鉴中外治水经验和先进技术，促进我国水利事业的不断发展。
[Abstract]:Li Yizhi (1882-1938) is a famous water conservancy expert and educator in modern China, who is known as the father of modern Chinese water conservancy, and has made contributions to the cause of river management in China. Especially in the management of the Yellow River, from the 1920s to the death of nearly 20 years, he put forward the most detailed management plan and put it into practice. In the long-term practice of river control, its unique theory of comprehensive control of the Yellow River has been formed. The formation of Li Yizhi's theory of comprehensive management of the Yellow River is closely related to the social environment in which he lives. On the basis of inheriting and developing the experiences of ancient Chinese ancestors governing the river, he draws on and draws lessons from the advanced western water conservancy technology and organically combines the two. The main contents include the principle that the Yellow River should always be under investigation and the principle of giving priority to the experiment. The method of model test should be used to decide the choice and choice of the scheme of river control, and it is advocated to unify the organization of river control in order to realize the joint control of the river. In the course of specific river control, he stressed the need to take comprehensive measures such as taking both the upper, middle and lower reaches, fixing the riverbed to consolidate the levees, increasing vegetation to eradicate sediment, building reservoirs for flood storage and preventing inflation, and not blocking the mouth passively, as a result of potential dredging, and so on. These measures have become a turning point for China to control the Yellow River from traditional to modern. In addition, Li Yizhi took the first step of comprehensive development and utilization of the Yellow River. He attached importance to the role of hydropower development in promoting industrial construction, advocated the construction of reservoirs on the Yellow River, and used the reservoirs to store water for power generation; he advocated building irrigation canals to promote farmland irrigation. On this basis, the construction of Jinghui Canal, Weihui Canal and Luohui Canal is completed, and it is suggested that the navigation of the Yellow River should be arranged to facilitate the traffic in the Yellow River Basin, thus opening a new era of exploitation and utilization of the Yellow River. In short, Li Yizhi's theory of comprehensive management of the Yellow River is characterized by scientific, practical, innovative, comprehensive and inherited characteristics, although it has not achieved much in practice because of political, economic, social and other factors. However, its guiding significance to the development of water conservancy and environmental management is not to be ignored. We should persist in and carry forward Li Yizhi's unremitting spirit of water control, draw lessons from Chinese and foreign water control experience and advanced technology, and promote the continuous development of water conservancy in China.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TV882.1;K25

【参考文献】