从军事领袖向政治领袖的转型——以1930年代蒋介石对“西南问题”的处置为中心

发布时间：2018-04-22 04:25

本文选题：九一八事变 + 蒋汪合作　；参考：《社会科学辑刊》2014年04期

【摘要】：九一八事变爆发后,为了应对严重的国难危机,蒋介石其建国理念发生深刻的转变,由军事领域转向国家的政权建设,从注重通过军事手段来消灭政治对手,转向组织、干部和教育等政治建设方面的抗衡。以蒋介石为首的中央与以胡汉民为政治领袖、两广地方实力派为武力依托的西南之间的关系便是在这一背景下展开的。"西南问题"是1930年代中央政府在推行统一化政策过程中的最大障碍,也是对蒋的和平统一政策的最大考验。蒋在确立"对内以政治建设为目的"的基本政策的同时,决定对以陈济棠为首的西南地方实力派采取联络、妥协的政策。1933年热河形势岌岌可危之际,蒋不得不对西南放手,开始探索双方"分工合作"之道,提出由西南方面负责"剿共",中央则专责华北方面的"御侮"。蒋借合作"剿共"之机,积极拉拢广东地方实力派陈济棠,成功遏制了塘沽协定签订前后西南内部元老派准备积极联合北方的冯玉祥发动军事倒蒋的预谋。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the September 18 incident, in order to cope with the serious national crisis, Jiang Jieshi's concept of founding a country underwent a profound transformation, from the military field to the building of the state's political power, and from the emphasis on eliminating political opponents through military means to the organization. Cadres and education and other aspects of political construction counterbalance. It is against this background that the relationship between the Central Committee headed by Jiang Jieshi and the Southwest China, with Hu Han-min as the political leader and the local powerful factions in the two Guangdong provinces as the backing of the armed forces, was launched against this background. " The Southwest issue was the biggest obstacle in the process of implementing the unification policy in 1930's, and it was also the biggest test of Chiang's policy of peaceful unification. While establishing the basic policy of "political construction at home", Chiang decided to adopt a policy of liaison and compromise to the southwestern powerful factions, headed by Chen Jitang. When the situation in the Rehe River in 1933 was at risk, he had to let go of the southwest. The two sides began to explore the "division of labor and cooperation," and proposed that the southwest should be responsible for "suppressing the Communist Party", while the Central Committee was responsible for "resisting aggression" in North China. Jiang took the opportunity of cooperation to "suppress the Communist Party" and actively wooed Chen Jitang, a powerful local faction in Guangdong, and succeeded in containing the premeditated military overthrow by Feng Yuxiang in the southwest of the interior of the Yuan Dynasty before and after the signing of the Tanggu Agreement.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史所;
【分类号】：K262.9

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