从两次台海危机看大陆对台政策及美台反应

发布时间：2018-04-22 05:08

本文选题：蒋介石集团 + 第一次台海危机　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 朝鲜战争爆发后,美国放弃对台观望的政策,确立了积极介入台湾事务,加紧对华进行战略遏制的政策。而国民党蒋介石集团在内战中失败,败退台湾以后一直企图借助美国的力量反攻大陆。因此,朝鲜战争结束以后,美、蒋都从各自利益出发,着手加强了军事联盟。在这种形势下,中共领导人提出“武力解放台湾”的政策,并随即发布命令炮击了金门,第一次台海危机爆发。在炮击金门的同时,大陆发动“一江山岛战役”,迫使驻守大陈岛的国民党守军撤回台湾,人民解放军解放了浙东诸岛。在第一次台海危机期间,美国说服蒋介石从金门、马祖撤兵,企图策划“划峡而治”,使海峡两岸分裂永久化,遂美蒋间开始产生裂隙。为了缓和第一次台海危机带来的紧张局势,中国政府通过万隆会议等向周边国家解释中国的政策的同时,又主动倡导进行中美大使级会谈。中美大使级会谈尽管暂时缓和了台海紧张局势,但由于中美两国在台湾问题上的立场根本对立,会谈没有取得任何实质性成果。第一次台海危机后,中国领导人重新评估台湾问题,适时地提出了“和平解放台湾”的政策。对此,美、蒋反应冷淡,继续加强了军事勾结。鉴于上述形势,中国政府决定再次炮击金门,以期军事和外交上探测美蒋勾结的程度,和美蒋之间存在的裂隙和矛盾。在第二次台海危机中,中国大陆在“一个中国”的问题上,采取了“援蒋抗美”的政策,与台湾蒋介石集团对美国的“两个中国”、“一中一台”政策共同采取了反对的态度。这说明在“一个中国”问题上同为炎黄子孙的海峡两岸的利益是一致的。
[Abstract]:After the Korean War broke out, the United States gave up its policy of waiting on Taiwan and established a policy of actively intervening in Taiwan affairs and stepping up strategic containment against China. And the Kuomintang Jiang Jieshi group failed in the civil war, and has been trying to counter-attack the mainland with the help of the United States since the defeat of Taiwan. Therefore, after the end of the Korean War, the United States and Chiang Kai-shek set out to strengthen the military alliance in their respective interests. Under such circumstances, the Communist leaders proposed the policy of "liberating Taiwan by force" and immediately issued an order for shelling Kinmen, the first time a Taiwan Strait crisis broke out. At the same time as the shelling of Kinmen, the mainland launched the "Battle of one Jiangshan Island", forcing the Kuomintang garrison stationed in Dachen Island to withdraw to Taiwan, and the people's Liberation Army liberated the islands in eastern Zhejiang. During the first Taiwan Strait crisis, the United States persuaded Jiang Jieshi to withdraw his troops from Kinmen and Matsu in an attempt to "draw an isthmus and govern" so as to make the two sides of the Taiwan Strait split and permanent, thus creating a rift between the United States and Chiang. In order to ease the tension brought about by the first Taiwan Strait crisis, the Chinese government, while explaining China's policies to neighboring countries through meetings such as Wan Long's meeting, also initiatively advocated holding talks at the ambassadorial level between China and the United States. Although the talks at the ambassadorial level between China and the United States have temporarily eased tensions in the Taiwan Strait, the talks have not yielded any substantive results because of the fundamental opposition between China and the United States on the Taiwan issue. After the first Taiwan Strait crisis, the Chinese leader reassessed the Taiwan issue and put forward the policy of "peacefully liberating Taiwan." In this regard, the United States and Chiang Kai-shek continued to intensify military collusion. In view of the above situation, the Chinese government decided to shell Kinmen again in order to explore the extent of military and diplomatic collusion between the United States and Chiang Kai-shek, and the cracks and contradictions between the United States and Chiang Kai-shek. In the second Taiwan Strait crisis, the Chinese mainland adopted the policy of "aiding Chiang's resistance to the United States" on the issue of "one China" and took a common opposition to the "two Chinas" and "one China, one Taiwan" policy of Taiwan's Jiang Jieshi Group. This shows that the interests of the two sides of the strait on the one-China issue are consistent with those of the Chinese people.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27

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