二十世纪三十年代中期四川县政人员训练所述论

发布时间：2018-04-23 08:36

本文选题：四川县政人员训练所 + 刘湘　；参考：《四川师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：二十世纪三十年代中期,川政统一后,刘湘需要在全川消除原有割据势力对地方各级行政人员的影响力,减小并进而根除地方土劣以及哥老会势力对基层社会的控制,举办县政人员训练所,对基层行政人员进行选拔、培养、笼络、扶植、任用、考核,使其死心塌地听命于刘湘政权,便是刘湘举办县训的考量之一。刘湘统一川政的过程及完成统一的初期,红四方面军一直在川陕地区进行民众动员工作。中共在基层的强大动员能力,极大地削弱了四川军阀对乡村基层社会的控制力,使刘湘等人认识到稳固基层社会的重要性。同时,中共在基层成功的动员、组织成效及其经验,也给刘湘以相当的刺激,成为他举办基层行政人员培训,以加强基层社会控制的又一大动因。为了消除刘湘对四川的控制,蒋中央按照原来在江西的经验,在四川实行行政督察专员制度,着手县政改革,裁局设科,分区设署,并打算对县长、区长、保甲长等进行训练,使其归附中央,然后交由刘湘任命,充实基层政权,使刘湘失去对四川的支配。不仅如此,蒋中央还通过别动队组织开办壮丁干部训练班,剥夺刘湘对基层社会的治安控制权。蒋中央一系列争夺地方行政人员的行为,直接促使刘湘大力开办类似的培训组织,减少或消除蒋中央对其的干扰,将基层控制人员有效地纳入到刘湘的政权体系之中。四川县政人员训练所就是在这样的背景下开办起来的。四川省政府制定了详细的《县政人员训练所章程》,指导对县政人员的培训工作。县训学员年龄介于25至50岁之间,其中28至35岁的人数最多,可谓年富力强。县训学员普遍学历层次较高,并有一定的从政经验,而且出身于学界的受训人员远多于出身于军界者,这多少反映出,刘湘希望改变旧防区制时代军人把持一切的格局,使基层政治走上文官治理的正道上来。四川公务员资格甄查委员会按照章程的规定,并根据刘湘的用人标准来选拔县训学员,基本按照“登记从宽,考试从严”的原则招考学员。县训班开设的学科主要包括精神训练、技能训练和军事训练。县政训练的办法还包括召开小组讨论会,劳动服务以及参观学习等。县训班的课程设置,基本照搬了以前蒋介石在江西开办的类似培训班的内容,贯彻“三分军事,七分政治”的原则来训练县政人员。在训练方法中,特别强调进行精神、思想、纪律教育。各级教官中多有蒋中央派出的人员,他们承担了许多专业课程,他们利用任职的便利,挖空心思欲将县训人员纳入蒋中央的控制之下。而刘湘方面则要求蒋介石只能居于领导地位,一切实际工作则由刘湘负责主持。明确规定,县长、区长由省府委派,行营虽然可以管省府,但绝对不能委任县长、区长。刘将地方行政人员的任免权牢牢掌握在自己手里,促使一般学员因利害关系,听命于省府方面。县训所总共办了三期,共训练县政人员1017人,县训学员大多得到了重用。刘湘利用县政人员训练所,在一定程度上巩固了他在基层的统治地位。但总体而言,县训人员没有统一的信仰,在蒋和刘之间来回摆动,他们以自己的利益为出发点,以功利主义的原则来进行选择。在这样的背景下,县训所不可能培养出以基层民众利益为依归的优秀学员的。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1930s, after the unification of the government of Sichuan Province, Liu Xiang needed to eliminate the influence of the original separatist forces on the local administrative personnel in the whole Sichuan Province, reduce and further eradicate the local soil and deterioration, and the control of the grass-roots society by the influence of the old society. It is one of the considerations of Liu Xiang to hold the county training that he should be determined to obey the Liu Xiang regime.
In the early stage of Liu Xiang's unification of the government, the red Fourth Army had been mobilizing the people in the Sichuan and Shaanxi areas. The strong mobilization ability of the Communist Party at the grass-roots level greatly weakened the control of the Sichuan warlords to the grass-roots society of the rural areas, and made Liu Xiang and others realize the importance of stabilizing the basic level society. At the same time, the Communist Party was successful at the grass-roots level. The mobilization, the organizational effectiveness and the experience have also been stimulated by Liu Xiang, which has become another major motive for the training of grass-roots administrative personnel to strengthen the social control at the grass-roots level.
In order to eliminate Liu Xiang's control of Sichuan, the central government, in accordance with the original experience in Jiangxi, carried out the administrative inspector system in Sichuan, set about the reform of the county administration, set up a section and set up a division, and planned to train the head of the county, the district chief, the head of the guard and so on to make it attached to the Central Committee, but then he was appointed by Liu Xiang to enrich the grass-roots political power, so that Liu Xiang lost four Not only that, but Jiang Zhongyang also organized a training class of Zhuang cadres through a team of troops to deprive Liu Xiang of the control of public security in the grass-roots society. The conduct of a series of local administrative personnel in Chiang Kai Shek's Central Committee directly prompted Liu Xiang to energetically open a similar training organization to reduce or eliminate the interference from Chiang's central government and to control the grass-roots personnel. Effectively incorporated into Liu Xiang's political system, the Sichuan county government training center was set up under such a background.
The Sichuan provincial government has formulated the detailed constitution of the county political personnel training institute to guide the training of county political personnel. The students of county training are between 25 and 50 years old, among which the number of people from 28 to 35 years old is the most powerful. The trainees of county training have a high level of education and have some political experience, and the trainees from the academic field are far more trained. When he came from the army, it was reflected that Liu Xiang wanted to change the pattern of all the soldiers in the old defense system and put the grass-roots politics on the right path to civilian governance.
In accordance with the provisions of the articles of association, the Sichuan civil service qualification screening committee selects the trainees in accordance with the standards of Liu Xiang's personnel, and basically recruits students in accordance with the principle of "wide registration and strict examination".
The courses offered by the county training class mainly include mental training, skill training and military training. The methods of county political training include the convening of group discussions, labor services and visiting and learning. The curriculum of the county training class has been set up, and the contents of the similar training classes established by Jiang Jieshi in Jiangxi have been basically copied, and the "three points military, seven points politics" is carried out. The principle is to train county officials. In training methods, special emphasis should be placed on mental, ideological and disciplinary education.
At all levels, most of the officers at all levels were sent by Chiang Kai Shek, who had undertaken a number of professional courses. They took advantage of the convenience of their posts to bring the county trainers into the control of the central government. While Liu Xiang asked Jiang Jieshi to be only in the leadership position, and all the actual work was chaired by Liu Xiang. If the provincial capital is appointed, although the camp can manage the provincial capital, it is absolutely impossible to appoint the magistrate and the district chief. Liu will hold the right of appointment and removal of the local administrative personnel firmly in his own hands, prompting the general cadets to obey the provincial capital for their interests.
The county training institute had a total of three periods, a total of 1017 county political personnel, and most of the county trainees were reused. Liu Xiang used the county political personnel training institute to consolidate his ruling position at the grass-roots level. However, in general, the county trainees did not have a unified belief and swung back and forth between Chiang and Liu, and they set out on their own interests. In the context of the utilitarian principle, it is impossible for the county training center to train outstanding students who are at the grassroots level.

【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

【参考文献】