民国时期疫灾影响下的公共卫生意识变迁研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 21:41

本文选题：民国时期 + 疫灾　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以民国时期疫灾影响下的公共卫生意识为研究对象。公共卫生意识的提高属于公共卫生建设的内容。而公共卫生的建设需要政府的主导、民众的参与和知识分子的觉悟。所以从这三个方面来阐述这个时期的公共卫生意识：一、政府角度的防疫制度；二、普通民众的防疫习俗；三、知识分子的防疫思想。南京临时国民政府出台了一些防疫法规、法令,但是因为政权存在时间极短,这些防疫制度都没有得到贯彻执行。北京国民政府对防疫工作比较重视,颁布了一系列防疫法规。但是由于战乱不断,政府更换频繁,乡村社会的无序,导致许多防疫制度在基层没有得到真正实施,社会的综合抗疫能力依然比较弱。南京国民政府时期至新中国成立这段时期内,防疫制度得到进一步健全和完善。但是由于外有强敌入侵,内有内战,防疫制度的实施依然存有种种弊端。如经费不足；防疫力量地区分布不均,东部强,中西部弱,大城市强,中小城市和乡村弱等。民国时期,某些地区依然存在一些迷信的防疫习俗。但这个时期,因为受到西方医学的影响,也有符合现代科学的防疫习俗,是真正意义上的防疫。人们开始关注环境卫生,注意街道的清洁、饮食卫生、饮水卫生、厕所的清洁以及城市排污等。民国时期的防疫思想也有所进步。当时的知识分子对疫病的传染源、传播途径和易感人群有了全新的科学认识。受到这些防疫思想的影响,人们开始普遍关心自我价值和自我存在,许多人开始主动遵循科学的生活方式,生命质量得到明显提高。
[Abstract]:This article takes the public health consciousness under the influence of the epidemic disaster in the Republic of China as the research object. The improvement of public health consciousness belongs to the content of public health construction. The construction of public health needs the leadership of the government, the participation of the people and the consciousness of the intellectuals. Therefore, the public health consciousness of this period is expounded from these three aspects: first, the epidemic prevention system from the angle of the government; secondly, the epidemic prevention custom of the ordinary people; thirdly, the intellectual's epidemic prevention thought. The Nanjing interim National Government issued some laws and decrees on epidemic prevention, but because the regime was in existence for a very short time, none of these systems were carried out. The Beijing National Government has paid more attention to the epidemic prevention work and promulgated a series of epidemic prevention laws and regulations. However, because of the constant war, the frequent change of the government and the disorder of the rural society, many epidemic prevention systems have not been really implemented at the grass-roots level, and the comprehensive anti-epidemic ability of the society is still relatively weak. During the period from the Nanjing National Government to the founding of New China, the epidemic prevention system was further improved. However, due to the invasion of strong enemies and civil war, the implementation of the epidemic prevention system still has a variety of drawbacks. For example, insufficient funds, uneven distribution of epidemic prevention forces in the east, weak in the central and western regions, strong in large cities, weak in small and medium-sized cities and rural areas, etc. During the Republic of China, some superstitious epidemic prevention customs still existed in some areas. But this period, because of the influence of western medicine, also has the modern scientific epidemic prevention custom, is the real epidemic prevention in the sense. People began to pay attention to environmental hygiene, street cleaning, food hygiene, drinking water sanitation, toilet cleaning and urban sewage. The thought of epidemic prevention in the Republic of China also made progress. Intellectuals at that time had a new scientific understanding of the source of infection, the way of transmission and the susceptible population. Under the influence of these epidemic prevention thoughts, people began to care about their self-worth and self-existence, and many people began to follow the scientific way of life, and the quality of life was obviously improved.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R-09;K258

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