中国共产党对三民主义认识的演变研究（1921-1949）

发布时间：2018-04-28 03:46

本文选题：中国共产党 + 三民主义　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：三民主义，即民族主义、民权主义和民生主义。它是孙中山政治思想的主体和精华，是他在继承中国传统文化的基础上，吸取西方资本主义政治制度而形成的思想体系。本文主要论述了1924年国民党“一大”至1949年中华人民共和国建立的20余年间，中国共产党在不同时期在对待三民主义问题上，政策的不断演变和理论发展。全文概括如下：第一章：1920年共产国际“二大”后，随着共产国际东方战略的逐渐形成及其在中国的实施，使得中国共产党改变了对三民主义排斥的态度，帮助国民党改组，与其建立了合作关系。而且，在共产国际和共产党的帮助下，孙中山重新解释了三民主义，将旧三民主义发展为新三民主义，并且成为了国共合作的政治基础。1925年3月12日，孙中山逝世后，各派之间的矛盾开始激化，斗争也更加激烈，反共的戴季陶主义应运而生，中国共产党在第一时间对戴季陶主义进行了批判，国共展开了一场关于三民主义的论争。在这场论战过程中，共产党对三民主义有了摆脱的趋势，开始用马克思主义理论来言说三民主义。第二章：国民革命失败后，三民主义成为了国民党内部各派别进行政治斗争的有力武器，，他们为了各自的政治目的，不同程度的利用了三民主义的不确定性等不足，任意篡改三民主义理论为己所用，从而使得国民党内部出现了各种版本的“三民主义”。从共产党方面来讲，由于蒋介石、汪精卫对“联俄、联共和扶助农工”三大政策的破坏，开始丢开三民主义，对三民主义采取了否定批判的态度。1935年华北事变后，民族危机愈发严重，为了停止内战、一致抗日，一直在积极寻找能够联合各种政治力量的政治资源的中国共产党，在共产国际“七大”的指导下，再次高高举起了三民主义大旗。第三章：1931年，“九·一八事变”后，国家民族危亡之际，三民主义再次被提上历史的舞台，在中国共产党和国民党内部民主人士和爱国将领的共同努力下，1937年，经历了十年对峙时期的国共两党以三民主义为桥梁再次合作，建立起抗日民族统一战线。但是，由于统一战线外汪精卫的伪三民主义，统一战线内部蒋介石集团“溶共、防共、限共、反共”方针的确定及其法西斯化的三民主义、叶青的三民主义等对共产主义和共产党的攻击，国共在抗战时期掀起了一场激烈的三民主义论战，这场论战使共产党人对三民主义有了更深一步的研究，革命理论日趋成熟，最终形成了新民主主义理论。抗战时期，为了在战争胜利之后建立一个新中国，共产党提出了三民主义共和国的构想，但最终没有被国民党方面所接受。第四章：抗战胜利之初，建立三民主义共和国的构想，通过重庆谈判和政治协商会议得到了各党派的认可和共识，但是好景不长，由于1946年6月全面内战的爆发，这两次建国的初步尝试最终破产。在合作建立三民主义国家实现无望的形势下，中国共产党于是改变了建国方略，由新民主主义共和国取代了三民主义共和国。而且，由于国共力量的对比，二战后国际时局的变化等原因，抗战胜利之后，共产党开始很少言及三大政策。内战爆发后，中国共产党先后制定和提出了《中国土地法大纲》和新民主主义革命的三大经济纲领，开始在实际行动中全面实现孙中山三民主义的理想。
[Abstract]:The three people's doctrine, namely nationalism, civil rights and people's livelihood, is the main body and essence of Sun Zhongshan's political thought. He is the ideological system which he has formed on the basis of inheriting the traditional Chinese culture and absorbing western capitalist political system. This article mainly discusses the establishment of the "one big" of the Kuomintang in the 1924 to People's Republic of China in 1949. Over the past 20 years, the CPC's policy evolution and theoretical development have been summarized in the following three stages:
Chapter one: after the "two major" of the Communist International in 1920, with the gradual formation of the eastern strategy of the Communist International and its implementation in China, the Communist Party of China changed the attitude to the exclusion of the three people's principles, helped the Kuomintang reorganize, and established a cooperative relationship with it. And, with the help of the Communist International and the Communist Party, Sun Zhongshan reinterpreted it. The three people's doctrine developed the old three people's principles into the new three people's principles, and became the political basis for the cooperation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China in March 12th. After Sun Zhongshan's death, the contradictions between the various schools began to intensify and the struggle was more intense. The anti Communist Dai Ji Tao came into being, and the Communist Party of China criticized Dai Ji Tao at the first time, and the Kuomintang Communist Party was criticized. The Communist Party of China was criticized by the Communist Party in the first time. The Communist Party of China was criticized by the Communist Party of China. In this debate, the Communist Party had a tendency to get rid of the three people's principles and began to talk about the three people's principles with the theory of Marx.
The second chapter: after the failure of the national revolution, the three people's principles became a powerful weapon in the political struggle of the various factions within the Kuomintang. For their respective political purposes, they made use of the indeterminacy of the three people's principles in different degrees, and arbitrarily tampered with the theory of the three people's principles for their own use, thus making various versions of the Kuomintang's internal versions. In terms of the Communist Party, Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei, because of the destruction of the three policies of "United Russia, the United States and the help of agricultural workers", began to throw away the three people's principles and have taken a negative and critical attitude towards the three people's principles in the North China incident of.1935, the national crisis became more and more serious. In order to stop the civil war and resist Japan, it has been active. The Communist Party of China, which is able to combine the political resources of various political forces, has once again raised the banner of the three people's principles under the guidance of the "Seventh National Congress of the Communist International".
The third chapter: in 1931, after the September 18th Incident, when the nation was in danger of peril, the three people's principles were put on the stage of history again. Under the joint efforts of the Communist Party of China and the democratic personages within the Kuomintang and the patriotic generals, in 1937, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, who experienced ten years of confrontation, CO operated with the three people's principles and established the Anti Japanese war. However, because of Wang Jingwei's pseudo three people's principles outside the United Front, the policy of "dissolving communism, preventing communism, limiting communism, anti communism" and the Fascism of the three people's principles in the United Front, and the attack by Ye Qing's three people's principles on communism and the Communist Party, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party set off a fierce three in the period of the war of resistance. The debate of the people's doctrine led the Communists to have a deeper study of the three people's principles, and the theory of the revolution became mature and finally formed a new democratic theory. In the period of the war of resistance against war, in order to establish a new China after the victory of the war, the Communist Party proposed the concept of the three people's principle of the Communist Party and the state, but eventually it was not accepted by the Kuomintang. Accept.
The fourth chapter: at the beginning of the victory of the war of resistance, the idea of the establishment of the three people's Republic was established. Through the Chongqing negotiations and the Political Consultative Conference, the parties' recognition and consensus were obtained, but it was not long enough. Because of the outbreak of a comprehensive civil war in June 1946, the initial attempts of the two founding of the people's Republic were finally bankrupt. The Communist Party of China changed the plan of the founding of the people's Republic of China and replaced the three people's Republic by the New Democratic Republic. Moreover, after the victory of the war of resistance against the war, the Communist Party began to say three major policies. After the outbreak of the internal war, the Communist Party of China made and put forward the "middle" after the outbreak of the internal war. The outline of the land and land and the three major economic programs of the new democratic revolution began to fully realize the ideal of Sun Zhongshan's three people's principles in practical action.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K26;D693.0

【参考文献】