“职业代表制”与民国政治史述论——以中国国民党的理论与实践为中心

发布时间：2018-05-04 07:56

本文选题：代议制 + 职业代表制　；参考：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：晚清民国,中国政治生态从传统向现代转型,突出表现为从"地域观念"向"职业观念"的转变。传统士、农、工、商四民社会解体,新的城市职业群体和集团力量涌现,基于地域因素选举产生的议会制度难以应对并进行吸纳。欧洲大战之后,受西方改造代议制思潮的影响,"职业代表制"成为中国各派政治力量改造北洋政府腐败政治的重要手段。在建国问题上,孙中山始终坚持"革命程序论",在其生命的最后阶段,他又提出"以职业团体为基础召开国民会议"的主张。那么,如何看待孙中山的"革命程序论"中关于宪政阶段国民大会由地域代表制产生之方式与基于职业代表制的组成国民会议原则之间的矛盾冲突,不仅成为孙中山死后国民党各派系斗争的政治遗产,也牵动20世纪三四十年代中国政治之大局。南京国民政府时期,"国民会议"与"革命程序论"作为孙中山遗教而被贯彻落实,"职业代表制"亦写入相关法律文件,进入实践阶段。但是,职业代表制的运作成效如何,是否存在操控、收买?抑或该制度在中国尚缺乏适宜之土壤?从根本上说,即使在世界范围内也看不出其与工业化和民主化之间存在着正向递进的变量关系。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the transformation of Chinese political ecology from traditional to modern was characterized by the transformation from "regional concept" to "professional concept". Traditional scholars, farmers, workers, Shang and Simin society disintegrate, new urban professional groups and groups emerge, and the parliamentary system elected on the basis of geographical factors is difficult to cope with and absorb. After the European War, "professional representation" became an important means to reform the corrupt politics of the Beiyang government by the influence of the western thought of reforming representative system. On the issue of founding the people's Republic of China, Sun Zhongshan always insisted on "the theory of revolutionary procedure", and in the last stage of his life, he put forward the idea of "convening the National Assembly on the basis of professional organizations". So, how to deal with the contradiction between the way that the National Assembly is produced by regional representation system in the constitutional stage in Sun Zhongshan's "Revolutionary procedure Theory" and the principle of forming the National Assembly based on the professional representation system? It not only became the political heritage of the KMT factional struggle after Sun Zhongshan's death, but also affected the overall situation of Chinese politics in the 1930s and 1940s. During the period of Nanjing National Government, the National Assembly and the theory of revolutionary procedure were carried out as the legacy of Sun Zhongshan, and the system of professional representation was written into the relevant legal documents and entered the stage of practice. However, how well does the professional representation system work?. Is there any manipulation or buy-in?. Or is the system still lacking suitable soil in China? Fundamentally, even in the world, it is not clear that there is a positive and progressive variable relationship between it and industrialization and democratization.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史系;
【分类号】：K262.9;D693

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