民国时期山东留日学生研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 08:50

本文选题：山东 + 留日学生　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：民国成立后,山东的留日学生运动继续蓬勃发展,整个民国时期大约有1800余名齐鲁子弟负笈东瀛。他们在异邦汲取新知,学成归来又积极投身民族救亡运动和国家建设运动,成为民国时期重要的民族、民主力量和新中国时期重要的建设力量。本文运用马克思主义唯物史观,以时轴为主线,考察了民国时期山东赴日留学人数,并在此基础上剖析其原因、概述其特点等,以期使之与清末山东留日运动相衔接,呈现近代山东留日运动之全貌,是为文章第一部分；在对民国山东留日运动轨迹全面掌握的基础上,文章第二部分将山东地方史研究同中日关系史研究相结合、将留学教育与现代化研究相结合,从军政、文教、抗日、新中国建设等领域分别论述山东留日生对山东乃至全国的作为与贡献。在民国的军政领域：民初他们勇斗落后、保守势力,竭力维护革命成果；旧政权时期,他们亦成为各派军阀势力的中坚力量和抵御侵略势力的爱国力量,部分鲁籍留日生为国民党早期活动积极奔走,成为国民党早期活动家；南京国民政府的成立更是为他们提供了“英雄用武之地”,涌现初许多优秀的军事、政治、外交人才。在近代山东文教事业的现代化转型中,留日生又扮演了中流砥柱的角色。他们在日受到西方先进思想和文化知识的洗礼,学成归来,或大力倡导先进西方文化,以杰出的文学、艺术作品给带闭塞的家乡带来新鲜气息；或投身教育,引进先进教育理念,改革教育体系,大力兴学、广开民智,为国家培养了大批优秀人才。在抗击外族侵略,尤其在全面抗日战争中,他们更是利用熟知敌情的优势,为政府进言献策,大力宣传抗日思想,以各种形式投入到全民抗战之中：或广泛宣传抗日思想,或组织各种形式的民间抗日组织,或投身抗战前线,甚至有的为此献出生命。随着抗战胜利、内战的爆发、国民党退守台湾和新中国的建立,山东留日生出现了分化,有的跟随国民党赴台,继续担任国民党党政职务；有的则留在大陆参与中共政权,更多的则投身到新中国的各行各业,致力于国家建设,成为新中国的中坚力量。综观整个民国时期山东的留日运动,这是一个延绵不断、前承后继的过程,在近代军政领域他们充当了革命、民主、内战、反侵略力量；在社会、文教等领域则充当了变革和发展力量。总之,民国时期的山东留日学生作为中国第一批真正意义上的现代化的人,对山东乃至中国的早期现代化贡献巨大。
[Abstract]:After the founding of the Republic of China, the movement of students studying in Japan in Shandong continued to flourish. During the whole period of the Republic of China, there were about 1800 children of Qilu studying in Dongying. They learned new knowledge from foreign countries, returned from their studies and actively participated in the national salvation movement and national construction movement, and became an important national, democratic forces and important construction forces in the New China period. By using Marxist historical materialism and taking the time axis as the main line, this paper investigates the number of Shandong studying abroad in Japan during the period of the Republic of China, and on this basis analyzes its causes and summarizes its characteristics in order to link it with the movement of Shandong to stay in Japan in the late Qing Dynasty. It is the first part of the article that presents the whole picture of the movement of Shandong to stay in Japan in modern times. On the basis of a comprehensive understanding of the track of the movement of the Republic of China in Shandong, the second part of the article combines the study of the local history of Shandong with the study of the history of Sino-Japanese relations. Combining the study of studying abroad with the study of modernization, this paper discusses the contribution of Shandong's Japanese students to Shandong and even the whole country from the fields of military and government, culture and education, anti-Japanese, construction of new China and so on. In the military and political fields of the Republic of China: in the early days of the Republic of China, they bravely fought backward, conservative forces and tried their best to safeguard the achievements of the revolution; during the old regime, they also became the backbone of the various warlords and the patriotic forces against the invading forces. Some of the Lu students who studied in Japan actively ran for the early activities of the Kuomintang and became early Kuomintang activists. The establishment of the Nanjing National Government provided them with "an opportunity for the heroes to display their talents", and many outstanding military, political and diplomatic personnel emerged in the early years. In the modern transformation of cultural and educational undertakings in Shandong Province, Japanese students also played the role of mainstay. They were baptized by advanced Western ideas and cultural knowledge in Japan, returned from their studies, or strongly advocated advanced Western culture, bringing fresh air to their isolated hometown with outstanding literature and works of art; or devoted themselves to education. The introduction of advanced educational concepts, reform of the educational system, the establishment of schools, open the wisdom of the people, for the country to train a large number of outstanding talents. In the fight against foreign aggression, especially in the War of Resistance against Japan in all its aspects, they made use of their advantages of being familiar with the enemy situation, offered advice to the Government, vigorously propagated the idea of resistance against Japan, and put it into the war of resistance of the whole people in various forms: or widely propagate the idea of resistance against Japan. Or to organize various forms of civil anti-Japanese organizations, or to join the front line of the War of Resistance, some even gave their lives. With the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, the outbreak of civil war, and the establishment of the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan and the establishment of New China, there was a division among Shandong students studying in Japan. Some of them followed the KMT to Taiwan and continued to hold Kuomintang party and government posts; others stayed in the mainland to participate in the Chinese Communist regime. More committed to the new China's various industries, committed to national construction, become the backbone of the new China. Looking at the movement to stay in Japan in Shandong Province throughout the period of the Republic of China, it was a continuous and successive process. They served as revolutionary, democratic, civil war and anti-aggression forces in the field of modern military and political affairs; in society, Areas such as culture and education act as forces for change and development. In a word, Shandong students studying in Japan in the period of the Republic of China, as the first real modern people in China, made a great contribution to the early modernization of Shandong and even China.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K258

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