左宗棠治疆思想与实践研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 04:38

本文选题：左宗棠 + 治疆思想　；参考：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1840年,英国用坚船大炮打开中国的大门后,中国便处于不断被动、挨打的地位,伴随战争失败的后果便是签订割地、赔款、开放通商口岸等条件的不平等条约。到19世纪60年代,浩罕国军官阿古柏趁各民族起义的乱局入侵新疆。为在英俄角逐中亚的政治缝隙里求得生存,阿古柏积极向英国投怀送抱,寻求英国庇护。由于俄英势力的干涉,新疆问题十分棘手。在朝廷内部以李鸿章为代表的海防派指出用兵新疆的成本高而实际收益颇有限,力主捐弃新疆。此时,志在新疆的左宗棠力排众议,挥师西征,并任用张曜、刘锦棠等谋勇兼优的能才贤将仅一年半便一举收复国土,奠定了中国西北边疆的基本走向。因此,左宗棠西征是中国近代史和新疆史上浓墨重彩的一笔,而他对当地经济的开发和建设也构成了新疆近代化的开端。如今,重新研究左宗棠治疆思想和实践,可以从中获得有益的历史启示,为处理新疆的经济建设、民族问题等提供了可资借鉴的经验。文章共分为三章。第一章是左宗棠治疆思想形成的历史背景和原因。首先19世纪中后期的各民族反清起义、英俄干涉及罕汗国军官阿古柏入侵造成的危机是左宗棠关注新疆的时代背景。其次,无论左宗棠是一介布衣书生,还是官居陕甘总督,他都很留意和关注新疆局势,这种忧国忧民的情怀源于儒家传统思想的熏陶。第二章是文章的主体部分,主要从西北边防、经济开发、文化教育和处理民族关系等方面,详细阐述了左宗棠的治疆思想及实践。左宗棠认为要实现新疆长治久安,必须废除伯克制度,进行制度改革,实现新疆与内地的一体化管理。通过对新疆的政治制度变革、开发经济、普及教育等措施来巩固边防,维护国家统一。第三章包括两部分,第一部分对左宗棠,其治疆思想及实践进行了较为客观的评价。第二部分是左宗棠治疆思想对当代新疆治理的启示。左宗棠治疆思想及实践对当代新疆治理的现代意义作为文章的落脚点,从以下几方面着手:其一,加强兵团建设,发挥兵团稳边固疆的作用。其二,妥善处理民族关系,促进民族团结,实现共同发展。其三,发展经济,消除贫困,在兴疆中实现长治久安;其四,发展教育,缩小地区差距;
[Abstract]:In 1840, when the British opened the door of China with strong ships and cannons, China was in a position of constant passivity and being beaten. The consequences of the defeat of the war were the signing of unequal treaties under conditions such as land cutting, reparations, opening of ports of trade, and so on. By the 1860s, Haohan military officer Aguber invaded Xinjiang by the chaos of the uprisings of various nationalities. In order to survive in the political gap between Britain and Russia, Aguber actively gave in to Britain and sought British asylum. Due to the interference of Russian and British forces, the Xinjiang issue is very difficult. In the imperial court, represented by Li Hongzhang, the Haiphong faction pointed out that the cost of using troops in Xinjiang is high and the actual income is quite limited. At this time, the Zuo Zongtang, who is determined in Xinjiang, will resist the public's suggestion, force his troops to the west, and appoint Zhang Yao, Liu Jintang and other brave and excellent Nengcai Xian, who will recover the territory in only one and a half years, thus laying the basic trend of the northwest frontier of China. Therefore, Zuo Zongtang's expedition to the west was a striking event in the modern history of China and Xinjiang, and his development and construction of the local economy also constituted the beginning of Xinjiang's modernization. Now, studying Zuo Zongtang's thought and practice of ruling Xinjiang again can obtain beneficial historical enlightenment, and provide some useful experience for dealing with the economic construction and national problems of Xinjiang. The article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the historical background and reasons of Zuo Zongtang's thought of ruling Xinjiang. First, the crisis caused by the anti-Qing uprisings in the middle and late 19th century, the intervention of Britain and Russia and the invasion of Aguber by Hankhanate officers were the background in which Zuo Zongtang paid attention to Xinjiang. Secondly, no matter Zuo Zongtang is a scholar or a governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, he pays close attention to the situation in Xinjiang. The second chapter is the main part of the article, mainly from the northwest frontier defense, economic development, cultural education and handling of ethnic relations, elaborated Zuo Zongtang's thought and practice of ruling Xinjiang. Zuo Zongtang believes that in order to achieve long-term stability in Xinjiang, it is necessary to abolish Burke system, carry out system reform, and realize the integrated management between Xinjiang and the interior. In order to consolidate frontier defense and safeguard national unity, Xinjiang's political system reform, economic development and popularization of education and other measures are adopted. The third chapter includes two parts. The first part gives an objective evaluation of Zuo Zongtang's thought and practice of ruling Xinjiang. The second part is the enlightenment of Zuo Zongtang's thought of ruling Xinjiang to contemporary Xinjiang governance. Zuo Zongtang's thought and practice of ruling Xinjiang is the foothold of the article: firstly, it should strengthen the construction of the Corps and play the role of stabilizing the border and maintaining the border of Xinjiang. Second, properly handle ethnic relations, promote national unity, and achieve common development. Third, to develop the economy, eliminate poverty, and achieve long-term stability in revitalizing Xinjiang; fourth, to develop education and narrow the regional gap;
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K252

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