清末预备立宪时期盐政改革探析

发布时间：2018-05-06 10:51

本文选题：清末 + 盐政改革　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：清末预备立宪时期的盐政改革,是清末财政改革的一个重要环节,同时也是晚清新政改革的一个重要组成部分。但很多学者在相关的论著、文章中都只是一笔带过,目前对此的专门研究却没有出现。本文将在前人研究的基础上,充分挖掘史料,运用实证研究方法,把盐政改革放在清末宪政的背景下,并且从政治史的角度,综合分析清末预备立宪时期的盐政改革的背景、改革的推行及其推行过程中的矛盾、改革的具体内容及对民初盐政改革的影响。全文由绪论、正文、结语三个部分组成,绪论部分主要介绍本文的选题缘由及研究意义,并对目前关于清代盐政的研究做一综述,指出本文的重难点、创新点。正文部分分为四章,第一章对清末预备立宪时期的盐政改革的背景做一论述。首先论述清朝盐政体制在晚清发生的变化及其存在的问题,然后就当时社会上关于盐政改革的舆论做一梳理,最后就晚清盐政改革的直接动因做一介绍。第二章论述清末盐政改革章程的出台及督抚态度。盐政章程的出台,立即引发了各省督抚数次的联合抵制,并对督抚反对盐政章程的原因做一探讨。第三章重点阐述清末盐政改革的推行,这也是文章的主旨内容,通过查阅相关文献资料,发现盐政改革主要是围绕着如下四方面而进行：改革盐制(改革食盐运销制度、改革票盐制度、划定盐价、整理盐务款项等)；改革盐政官制；抵制外盐输入；盐商公所的出现。第四章将对清末盐政改革成效不佳的原因及其对民国盐政改革的影响做一阐述。成效不佳的原因大体是由于清政府的腐败虚弱、办理盐政改革专员的不力、中央与地方的矛盾等所造成,但清廷盐政改革的一些机构设置、制度措施对民国盐政改革起到了一定借鉴作用。最后是结语部分,通过以上四章的具体论述,把清末盐政改革放在整个清末新政中做一整体评价,从中可以看出盐政改革迈向近代的步履维艰。进而也可以窥测出整个清末新政时期清廷借各方面的改革来加强中央集权的企图,但是这一企图由于晚清政府自身的原因及外重内轻局面的形成而归于失败,同时加速了清廷自身走向灭亡的进程。
[Abstract]:Salt reform was an important link of fiscal reform in the late Qing Dynasty and an important part of the New deal reform in the late Qing Dynasty. However, many scholars in the relevant works, the article is only a stroke, but the current special research on this has not appeared. On the basis of previous studies, this paper fully excavates the historical data, applies the empirical research method, puts the salt policy reform under the background of the constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty, and from the angle of political history, comprehensively analyzes the background of the salt policy reform in the preparatory constitutional period in the late Qing Dynasty. The implementation of the reform and its contradictions in the implementation process, the specific content of the reform and the impact on the salt reform in the early Republic of China. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the reason and significance of this paper, and summarizes the current research on salt administration in Qing Dynasty, pointing out the important difficulties and innovation points of this paper. The text is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the background of salt policy reform in the preparatory constitutional period in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper first discusses the changes and existing problems of the salt policy system in the late Qing Dynasty, then combs the public opinion on the salt policy reform in the society at that time, and finally introduces the direct causes of the salt policy reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The second chapter discusses the introduction of the salt reform charter and the attitude of governor in the late Qing Dynasty. The introduction of the salt policy charter immediately triggered several boycotts by provincial governors, and the reasons why the governor opposed the salt policy charter were discussed. The third chapter focuses on the implementation of salt policy reform in the late Qing Dynasty, which is also the main content of the article. By consulting relevant literature, it is found that the salt policy reform is mainly carried out around the following four aspects: reforming salt system (reforming salt transportation and marketing system). Reform the system of vote salt, define the salt price, arrange the salt affairs, etc.; reform the official system of salt administration; resist the import of foreign salt; the appearance of salt merchant's office. The fourth chapter will explain the reasons of the poor effect of salt policy reform in the late Qing Dynasty and its influence on the salt policy reform in the Republic of China. The reasons for the poor results were mainly caused by the weak corruption of the Qing government, the ineffectiveness of the commissioners in charge of salt reform, the contradictions between the central and local governments, and so on. However, some organs of the salt reform of the Qing government were set up. The system measures have played a certain reference role to the salt policy reform of the Republic of China. Finally, the conclusion part, through the above four chapters of the specific discussion, put the salt policy reform in the whole Qing Dynasty New deal to do a whole evaluation, from which we can see the salt policy reform towards the modern times difficult. Furthermore, we can also see the attempt of the Qing government to strengthen centralization of power through various reforms during the whole period of the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty, but this attempt failed because of the formation of the late Qing government and the formation of the situation of neglecting the inside and the outside. At the same time accelerated the Qing Dynasty itself to the end of the process.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K257

【参考文献】