1942-1943年河南大灾荒的历史记忆研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 00:25

本文选题：1942-1943年 + 河南大灾荒　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1942-1943年,在抗日战场前沿的河南发生了一场惨绝人寰的大灾奇荒。当时,正值全国抗日战争最艰苦的阶段,河南除连遭水灾、旱灾、蝗灾、风灾(龙卷风、干热风等)、雹灾等自然灾害外,还有“汤”灾、兵害、黄泛、国民党政权与日伪政权的横征暴敛等人为灾害的肆虐。天灾战祸,交相煎迫,给河南的社会发展、人民生活带来了巨大而深远的影响。然而,由于当时复杂的国际国内环境,国民政府对河南灾荒的消息进行了封锁,众多国内报刊杂志迫于压力在这一惨绝人寰的新闻事件面前集体噤声。尽管如此仍然有少数的国内报纸杂志和国外报纸杂志冲破重重阻力给予了积极的报道,同时,大灾荒的亲历者和一些决策的参与者也陆续对这一刻骨铭心的大灾荒进行了回忆和反思。通过对其的研究笔者试图全面地把握当时河南灾荒的状况,全面地了解社会民众对于灾荒的认识和反应,清楚地了解国民政府和社会各界对于河南灾荒的赈济与救助,可以清醒地认识到正确的及时的社会舆论监督的巨大社会效应,也可以看出人心向背的时代背景和历史根据。论文的主体包含四个部分：第一部分主要从整体上描述1942-1943年河南大灾荒的状况,从灾民、国民政府和社会各界与大灾荒的关系进行分类论述,同时介绍了灾民在灾荒期间表现出不同的流向,主要有灾民自发流向国统区、沦陷区和根据地三个方向。在大灾荒期间国民政府还采取措施,组织了部分河南灾民移民新疆,开发西北。第二部分内容是写报刊记述中的大灾荒。在河南大灾荒发生之时,重庆的《大公报》、上海的《申报》、南阳的《前锋报》等报刊都对大灾荒进行了相关报道。由于各个报刊所处的环境和影响,其报道的内容也各有侧重和倾向,其所陈述的事实和发表的评论也各有不同。第三部分主要侧重时人记述中的大灾荒,对于那些九死一生从大灾荒中活下来的人们、对于那些目睹过灾荒及灾民惨状的人们、对于那些亲历过灾荒和赈灾的人们、对于那些了解“人祸”内情的人们,他们在以后岁月里的忆述与反思,使随着时光流逝而被人淡忘的河南大灾荒的历史记忆被重新拾起。第四部分是通过对这些大灾荒的历史记忆分析所得出的评论以及现实意义和反思。总之,本文以历史记忆为主线,即从对报刊资料的解读,结合多方面的史料进行实证研究,藉此来探讨1942-1943年河南大灾荒的历史记忆概况,试图做出合理得当的评析,从而填补这一研究空白。
[Abstract]:In 1942-1943, Henan, at the front of the anti-Japanese battlefield, suffered a terrible disaster and famine. At that time, during the most difficult stage of the National War of Resistance against Japan, in addition to the natural disasters such as floods, droughts, locusts, wind disasters (tornadoes, dry and hot winds, and hail) in Henan Province, there was also the "Tang" disaster, the scourge of soldiers, and Huang Pan. The Kuomintang regime and the Japanese puppet regime, such as the windfall and other man-made disasters raging. Natural disasters and war disasters, intertwined, to Henan's social development, people's life has brought a huge and far-reaching impact. However, due to the complicated international and domestic environment at that time, the National Government blocked the news of the famine in Henan, and many domestic newspapers and magazines were forced to silence themselves in the face of this terrible news event. Nevertheless, a small number of domestic newspapers and magazines and foreign newspapers and magazines have broken through the heavy resistance to positive reporting, and at the same time, The people who have experienced the famine and some participants in the decision-making have also recalled and reflected on the unforgettable famine one after another. Through his research, the author tries to grasp the situation of Henan famine at that time, fully understand the understanding and response of the public to the famine, and clearly understand the relief and relief of Henan famine by the national government and all walks of life. We can soberly realize the great social effect of correct and timely supervision by public opinion, and can also see the background and historical basis of the times. The main body of the thesis consists of four parts: the first part mainly describes the situation of the great famine in Henan Province from 1942-1943, and classifies the relationship between the disaster victims, the national government and the society and the famine. At the same time, it introduces the different directions of the disaster victims during the famine period, mainly including the spontaneous flow of the victims to the areas under the control of the state, the occupied areas and the base areas. During the famine period, the National Government also took measures to organize some Henan victims to emigrate to Xinjiang and to develop northwest China. The second part is to write about the great famine in the newspapers and periodicals. At the time of the great famine in Henan, the "Ta Kung Pao" in Chongqing and the "declaration" in Shanghai, Nanyang's "Frontier" and other newspapers and periodicals have carried out related reports on the famine. Because of the environment and influence of the newspapers and periodicals, the contents of their reports have their own emphases and tendencies, and their facts and comments are different. The third part mainly focuses on the major disasters described by the people of the time. For those who have survived the famine in their lives, for those who have witnessed the tragic situation of the famine and the victims, for those who have experienced the famine and the relief, For those who understand the "man-made disasters", their memories and reflections in the years to come, so as to be forgotten with the passage of time, the historical memory of Henan's great famine has been picked up again. The fourth part is the analysis of the historical memory of these disasters and the practical significance and reflection. In a word, this paper takes the historical memory as the main line, that is, from the interpretation of the newspaper and periodicals, combining with various historical data to carry on the empirical research, thus to discuss the historical memory general situation of the great famine in Henan Province from 1942 to 1943, and try to make a reasonable and appropriate assessment. In order to fill in this research gap.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X43;K265

【引证文献】