辛亥荫昌南下督师及袁世凯出山内情考

发布时间：2018-05-08 19:33

本文选题：荫昌 + 袁世凯　；参考：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2017年11期

【摘要】：辛亥武昌起事后,清廷迅派陆军大臣荫昌南下督师,镇压革命。通过考察陆军大臣荫昌南下行程,可知从1911年10月17日夜抵达信阳到10月22日抵达孝感,荫昌耽搁了近5天之久;从10月22抵达孝感到10月27日黎明令清军进攻,荫昌又耽搁了近5天之久。其行动可谓"一波三折":先"踊跃前行",既而"迟迟不发",最终"固布守局"。荫昌之所以如此,并非因为北洋军不听其命令,也不是他颟顸畏战。而是10月18日清军与革命军首战失利,令荫昌意识到,对付革命军并非易如反掌。因此,荫昌一方面要求调用大炮、机关枪等武器,一方面则赞同袁世凯提出的"固布守局"战略。早在10月21日,在盛宣怀、载泽的幕后推动下,清廷就已决定调回荫昌,予以袁世凯军事全权,目的则是令袁世凯迅速南下。之所以如此,是因为盛宣怀等人主张"速剿",对荫昌在信阳"迟迟未发"十分不满。同时,朝野内外,因"事权不一"之危害,纷纷要求清廷调回荫昌。这也是清廷决定调回荫昌的重要原因。
[Abstract]:Xinhai Wuchang hindsight, the Qing Dynasty sent Minister of the Army Yanchang South Governor Division, the suppression of the revolution. On his trip to the south of Yin-chang, the Secretary of State of the Army, we can see that from the night of 17 October 1911 to the arrival of Xiaogan on October 22, Yanchang was delayed for nearly five days; from the arrival of Xiaogan on October 22 to the early dawn of October 27, the Qing Dynasty ordered the Qing army to attack. Yanchang was delayed for nearly five days. Its actions can be described as "twists and turns": first "enthusiastically forward", and then "delayed", finally "fixed bureau." Yanchang did not do this because the Northern Rebellion did not listen to his orders, nor did he dread war. It was October 18 th, when the Qing army and the revolutionary army lost the first battle, making Yanchang realize that it was not easy to deal with the revolutionary army. Therefore, Yanchang on the one hand requires the use of artillery, machine guns and other weapons, on the other hand, agreed with Yuan Shikai's "fixed distribution and guard bureau" strategy. As early as October 21, under the impetus of Sheng Xuanhuai and Zaize, the Qing government had decided to send back Yin-chang and give Yuan Shikai military full powers, in order to make Yuan Shikai go southward quickly. This is because Sheng Xuanghuai and others advocate "quick suppression" and are very dissatisfied with Yanchang's "delay" in Xinyang. At the same time, both inside and outside, because of the harm of "different powers", one after another called for the Qing Dynasty to return to Yanchang. This is also an important reason for the Qing government's decision to return to Yanchang.
【作者单位】：北京大学历史学系;
【分类号】：K25

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