《蒲安臣条约》与中美交涉华工事务研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 12:19

本文选题：清政府 + 美国政府　；参考：《西南民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：鸦片战争后,英国迫使中国打开了国门,西方列强相继展开对中国资源的掠夺,美国也随后加入其中,攫取劳动力就是其目标之一。起初华人赴美多为加利福尼亚州内的“淘金热”所吸引,此后随着美国西进运动的开展,太平洋铁路开始修建,美国对华工的需求增加,大批华人在没有法律保障的条件下赴美打工,寻求财富。但清政府历来有禁止华人出洋的政策,面对越来越多的出洋打工者,地方政府官员成为最先与洋人交涉华工事务的主力,但他们对华工的态度并不一致,有的迟迟不愿正视这个问题;有的为避免中外纠纷,开始设置章程进行管理。而对于中央政府来说,他们更愿意将与洋人交涉之事交给地方政府办理,令其对华工出洋进行一定的限制和保护。为了在华合法地获取劳动力,1868年,美国政府在蒲安臣率中国使团访美之际,同其签订了《蒲安臣条约》。从该条约对华工的影响来看,作为允许华人自由赴美的正式法律文件,《蒲安臣条约》不仅为美国获得充足劳动力打开了便利之门,也确立了美国保护华工的义务。但随着19世纪70年代美国经济危机的爆发,政党竞争的激烈,种族主义分子的煽动等因素,美国的排华运动从地方现象上升到国家层面,矛头直指华工,清政府及驻美公使由此展开了与美国政府的交涉与斡旋,这是中国近代社会中不可忽视的重要历程。本文以1868年《蒲安臣条约》的签订到1882年《排华法案》的出台为研究主线,对《蒲安臣条约》与中美交涉华工问题进行整体性讨论。通过分析中美政府围绕《蒲安臣条约》交涉的具体事例,阐释《蒲安臣条约》所载的权利与漏洞在中美政府交涉华工问题中的影响,梳理《蒲安臣条约》签订前后中美政府对华工问题的态度转变的脉络,考察影响中美交涉华工事务的主要因素,进而分析这一时期的中美关系。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, Britain forced China to open its door to the outside world. Western powers began to plunder Chinese resources one after another, and the United States subsequently joined in. At first, most Chinese went to the United States to be attracted by the "Gold Rush" in California. Then, with the westward movement in the United States, the Pacific Railway began to be built, and the demand for Chinese workers in the United States increased. Large numbers of Chinese work in the United States without legal protection in search of wealth. However, the Qing government has always had a policy of prohibiting Chinese workers from going abroad. In the face of more and more foreign workers, local government officials became the main force in the first negotiations with foreigners about Chinese labor affairs, but their attitude toward Chinese workers was not consistent. Some are reluctant to face up to this problem; others have set up articles of association to avoid disputes between China and foreign countries. For the central government, they are more willing to negotiate with foreigners to the local government to make certain restrictions and protection of Chinese workers out of the country. In order to obtain the labor force legally in China, in 1868, the US government signed the Treaty of Buanchen with the Chinese Mission at the time of his visit to the United States. Judging from the influence of the treaty on Chinese workers, as an official legal document allowing Chinese to go to the United States freely, the Treaty of Buanchen not only opened the door for the United States to obtain sufficient labor force, but also established the obligation of the United States to protect Chinese workers. However, with the outbreak of the economic crisis in the United States in the 1870s, the fierce competition among political parties and the incitement of racist elements and other factors, the anti-Chinese movement in the United States rose from the local phenomenon to the national level, and the spearhead was directed at Chinese workers. Therefore, the Qing government and its envoy to the United States began to negotiate and mediate with the American government, which is an important process in modern Chinese society. This paper takes the signing of the Treaty of Buanchen in 1868 and the introduction of the exclusion Act of 1882 as the main line of study, and makes a holistic discussion on the negotiations between the Treaty of Buanchen and China and the United States on the issue of Chinese workers. By analyzing the concrete examples of the negotiations between the Chinese and American governments around the Treaty of Puanchen, this paper explains the influence of the rights and loopholes contained in the Treaty of Puanchen on the negotiation of Chinese workers by the Chinese and American governments. This paper combs the changing context of the attitude of the Chinese and American governments on the issue of Chinese workers before and after the signing of the Treaty of Buanchen, examines the main factors that affect the negotiations between China and the United States on the issue of Chinese workers, and then analyzes the Sino-American relations in this period.
【学位授予单位】：西南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K252

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