百年迷局:晚清至民国洞庭湖围垦区地方权力结构的生成与变迁

发布时间：2018-05-10 23:01

本文选题：洞庭湖 + 地方精英　；参考：《中国社会经济史研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：光绪年间,清政府在洞庭湖淤洲实行官垦政策,在严厉打击私垦湖田的同时,对遵章承佃的绅民则优容有加。在此背景下,地方精英被剥夺了洲土所有权,但利用承佃权成为获益最大的社会阶层。地方社会展现出官绅"共赢"的权力格局。清末民初,随着社会动荡的加剧,政府与精英都发生了裂变,形成县府与下层精英结合、省府与上层精英勾连的利益"共谋"关系。为了重建社会秩序,自上世纪20年代初开始,湖区官员与精英出现身份同一的"共生"现象。而后,国民党又以精英官僚化作为主要的治理之策,一定程度上重塑了地方权力结构,但国家权力因私有化趋向使其逐渐失去合法性,最终与劣化精英走上共恶偕亡之路。可以说,晚清至民国洞庭湖区地方权力结构的生成与变迁,彰显了传统中国在近代转型中所遭遇的治理困境,对当今中国的改革有着巨大的启示意义。
[Abstract]:During the period of Guang Xu, the Qing government carried out the policy of official reclamation in Dongting Lake, and at the same time, it gave preferential treatment to the gentry and the people who complied with the rules and regulations. In this context, the local elite was deprived of land ownership, but the use of tenancy rights to become the most beneficial social strata. The local society shows the power pattern of the officials and gentry. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, with the aggravation of social turbulence, the government and the elite had fission, forming the "collusion" relationship between the county government and the lower elite and the provincial government and the upper elite. In order to re-establish social order, since the early 1920s, the "symbiosis" phenomenon of officials and elites in the lake area appeared in the same identity. Then the Kuomintang took the elite bureaucratism as the main management strategy to a certain extent reshaped the local power structure but the state power gradually lost its legitimacy because of the privatization trend and finally embarked on the road of common evil together with the inferior elite. It can be said that the formation and changes of the local power structure from the late Qing Dynasty to the Dongting Lake region of the Republic of China reveal the difficulties of governance encountered in the modern transformation of traditional China and have great enlightening significance for the reform of China today.
【作者单位】：中南大学历史与文化研究所;湖南大学岳麓书院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“清代至民国环洞庭湖地区经济开发与生态变迁”(13CZS060) 中国博士后基金面上项目“晚清至民国环洞庭湖地区湖田围垦与生态变迁”(2013M542103)
【分类号】：K25

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