杨增新与白俄残兵窜扰新疆

发布时间：2018-05-13 08:03

本文选题：杨增新 + 军力　；参考：《中央民族大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：十月革命后,俄国内爆发了三年内战。大量的白俄溃兵武装不断侵犯西北边境,企图把新疆变成其给养基地。在这种情况下,白俄、苏俄、英、日各方势力对新疆各有企图。面对各方势力的博弈,杨增新始终恪守中立政策,采取各种防范措施,避免了新疆卷入俄国内战,成为外蒙第二,从而维护了中国西北边疆的稳定。自俄国内战以来,窜入新疆的白俄残兵不下三万,历时达三年之久。杨增新采用对俄不干涉政策,恪守中立,不与其发生直接的军事冲突,多采用政治与外交的方式化解危机,这与当时新疆的军力息息相关。在中立政策的指导下,面对各方势力对新疆的唆使企图,杨增新巧妙动用各种手段,拒绝了白俄临时政府的拉拢结盟,回绝了苏俄政权谋求派领的要求。同时,积极与英国政府合作,抑制十月革命的影响。此外,杨增新断然否定了日本密谋派兵入新的计划。杨增新以国际惯例为依托,恪守中立,拒外兵入新,未雨绸缪,防止各种势力进入新疆,这是保证新疆稳定的重要前提。 1918年7月,塔城首先被俄内战波及,随后各地先后告急,大量白俄残兵侵入,新疆局势相当严峻。杨增新采取各种措施,一方面命令边防军队严防边境,对于入境官兵一律没收军械,另一方面又令地方官员合理安排食宿,积极与俄新旧双方进行交涉,保证了前一阶段新疆局势的总体稳定。对于后一阶段,杨增新联合苏联红军一举消灭境内的白俄残兵,新疆进入到了一个较为稳定的事时期。平定白俄残兵暴动后,杨增新积极与苏联合作,建立相对平等的经贸关系,外部环境得到较大的改善。但杨增新的对内统治政策并没有发生变化,闭关自守,无为而治,财政状况急剧恶化,统治集团内部矛盾日趋尖锐,潜在的危机一触即发。杨增新主政新疆17年,治新功过自民国以来一直备受争议。论其功,大都集于两点：一,使阿尔泰划入新疆版图,免随外蒙以存亡；二,白俄败北涌入新疆,能使其解除武装,地方不受损害,国家未失寸土。杨增新妥善的处理了白俄残兵窜扰新疆这一事件,这对于以后新疆历史的发展产生了重大的意义。
[Abstract]:After the October Revolution, three years of civil war broke out in Russia. A large number of Russian troops repeatedly violated the northwest border, trying to turn Xinjiang into its supply base. Under such circumstances, the forces of Belarus, Russia, Russia, Britain and Japan have their own intentions against Xinjiang. In the face of the game of various forces, Yang Zengxin always adhered to the neutral policy, took all kinds of preventive measures, avoided Xinjiang from getting involved in the Russian civil war, became the second in Outer Mongolia, and thus maintained the stability of the northwest frontier of China. Since the Russian civil war, the number of white-Russian soldiers in Xinjiang has been no less than 30, 000, and lasted for three years. Yang Zengxin adopted the policy of non-interference with Russia, adhered to the neutrality, did not have direct military conflicts with it, and mostly used political and diplomatic methods to resolve the crisis, which was closely related to the military strength of Xinjiang at that time. Under the guidance of the neutral policy, in the face of the instigation attempts of various forces to Xinjiang, Yang Zengxin skillfully used various means to reject the alliance of the white Russian interim government, and rejected the request of the Soviet regime to seek the party. At the same time, actively cooperate with the British Government to curb the impact of the October Revolution. In addition, Yang Zengxin flatly rejected the Japanese conspiracy to send troops into the new plan. Relying on international practice, Yang Zengxin strictly abides by neutrality, refuses foreign troops to enter Xinjiang, makes good plans ahead of time, and prevents various forces from entering Xinjiang, which is an important prerequisite for ensuring Xinjiang's stability. In July 1918, Tacheng was first affected by the Russian civil war. Yang Zengxin took various measures. On the one hand, he ordered the border defense troops to strictly guard against the border, confiscating ordnance for all officers and soldiers entering the country, and on the other hand, made local officials reasonably arrange food and accommodation and actively negotiate with both sides of Russia, both old and new. This has ensured the overall stability of the situation in Xinjiang during the previous period. In the latter stage, Yang Zengxin, together with the Red Army of the Soviet Union, wiped out the remaining white and Russian troops in one fell swoop, and Xinjiang entered a relatively stable period. After the riots, Yang Zengxin actively cooperated with the Soviet Union to establish relatively equal economic and trade relations, and the external environment was greatly improved. However, Yang Zengxin's internal governance policy has not changed, closing the door, doing nothing to govern, the financial situation has deteriorated sharply, the internal contradictions of the ruling group are becoming increasingly sharp, and the potential crisis is imminent. Yang Zengxin took power in Xinjiang for 17 years and has been controversial since the Republic of China. Most of its achievements are focused on two points: one is to draw Altai into the territory of Xinjiang so as not to live or die with outer Mongolia; second, the defeat of Belarus into Xinjiang can disarm it, and the place will not be damaged, and the country will not lose an inch of land. Yang Zengxin properly dealt with the incident of the white Russian army stalking Xinjiang, which is of great significance to the historical development of Xinjiang.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258

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