1940-1946年中国共产党对政治民主的追求与探索

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:06

本文选题：“三三制” + 联合政府　；参考：《河南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 抗日战争进入相持阶段后,日军对中国正面战场停止了大规模的进攻,对国民政府进行了政治诱降,促使国民党确立积极反共、消极抗日的方针,国民党军队展开对中共领导的抗日根据地的进攻,同时,日军也加紧了对抗日根据地的进攻。为了打破国民党军和日军的双重军事围堵,中共除了领导抗日根据地的八路军和新四军等人民军队进行坚决反击以外,还组织抗日根据地的广大人民群众进行根据地建设,其中,政权建设成绩显著,主要体现在制定并执行了“三三制”的执政原则。1944年,国民党军在豫湘桂战役中战败,丢掉了华北、华中和西南的大片国土,全国人民震动,纷纷表达对作战不利的不满。国人普遍认为:国民党的腐败不堪是造成作战失败的主要因素,要求国民党结束一党专政、改组国民政府。中共提出了自己的政治主张——建立一个包括各党派和无党派民主人士参加的联合政府。主张一出,民主党派和无党派人士积极支持,国民党内的许多人也表示赞同,唯有蒋介石为首的强硬派不认同,联合政府始终未建立。抗战胜利后,中共实力上升,国民党实力下降,全国人民希望国家和平统一,美苏两国也不愿意中国发生内战。为了解决和平统一、重建国家的问题,在各方的不懈努力下,1946年1月,由国民党、中共、民主同盟、青年党和无党派民主人士参加的政治协商会议在国民政府陪都重庆顺利召开。会上,五方代表经过反复协商,通过了改组政府、施政纲领、军事、国民大会和宪法草案案五项决议案,构建出具有中国特色的民主之路。遗憾的是,国民党强硬派最终破坏了这一道路。这其中的历史经验教训极为珍贵。
[Abstract]:After the War of Resistance against Japan entered the stage of confrontation, the Japanese troops stopped their large-scale attacks on the front battlefields of China and made political inducements to the national government, prompting the Kuomintang to establish a policy of active anti-Communist and negative anti-Japanese policies. The Kuomintang army launched an attack on the anti-Japanese base area led by the Communist Party, and the Japanese army stepped up its attack on the anti-Japanese base area. In order to break the double military siege between the Kuomintang and the Japanese, in addition to leading the people's armies such as the eighth Route Army and the New fourth Army in the anti-Japanese base areas to carry out resolute counter-attacks, the Chinese Communist Party also organized the broad masses of the people in the anti-Japanese base areas to carry out the construction of the base areas. Among them, the remarkable achievements in regime construction are mainly reflected in the formulation and implementation of the governing principle of the "three systems." in 1944, the Kuomintang army lost the battle of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi and lost a large part of the territory of North China, Central China and Southwest China, and the people of the whole country trembled. One after another expressed dissatisfaction with the unfavorable combat. It is widely believed that the corruption of the Kuomintang is the main factor causing the defeat of the war, and demands that the Kuomintang end the one-party dictatorship and reorganize the national government. The Communist Party has put forward its own political idea of establishing a coalition government that includes both partisan and non-partisan Democrats. As soon as the proposal was actively supported by the democratic parties and non-party figures, many in the KMT also agreed. Only the hardliners led by the Jiang Jieshi did not agree, and the coalition government was never established. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, the strength of the Chinese Communist Party rose, the strength of the Kuomintang declined, and the people of the whole country hoped for the peaceful reunification of the country. In order to resolve the problem of peaceful reunification and the reconstruction of the country, with the unremitting efforts of all parties, in January 1946, the Kuomintang, the Communist Party of China, the Democratic League, Al-Shabaab and non-party Democrats participated in the political consultation meeting in Chongqing, the National Government reception smoothly held. At the meeting, the representatives of the five parties, after repeated consultations, passed five resolutions on the reorganization of the government, the policy agenda, the military, the National Assembly, and the draft constitution to build a democratic road with Chinese characteristics. Unfortunately, the Kuomintang hardliners finally sabotaged this road. The lessons of history are extremely valuable.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K265

【引证文献】