从“小我”到“大我”:五四启蒙思想中的个人观念

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:01

本文选题：个人主义 + 功利主义　；参考：《学术研究》2015年09期

【摘要】：五四时期,中国社会的道德观念发生了重大的世俗化转型。随着个人主义与功利主义逐渐成为道德观念中的核心理念,儒家德性伦理逐步解纽。不过,这一时期所崛起的现代个人,并非古典自由主义传统意义下的"原子式"个人。五四时期的个人,虽然具有强烈的道德自主性,但在五四启蒙知识分子的思想当中,现代个人的道德自觉,却依旧遵循着"修齐治平"的"群己"价值尺度。这意味着,人生的意义与价值,不仅仅在于满足一己私利,而是要为"社会"乃至"全人类"的福祉而奋斗。在个人自由和精神独立的"小我"背后,还有着更高层面的社会责任意识和对人类、对世界文明这一"大我"的关怀。个人主义中"唯我"的一面,只是更多地影响到市民阶层的世俗生活,而无法在五四的启蒙知识分子当中获得道义上的正当性。
[Abstract]:During the May 4th Movement, the moral concept of Chinese society underwent a major secularization transformation. With individualism and utilitarianism gradually becoming the core idea of moral concept, Confucian moral ethics gradually unraveled. However, the modern individuals rising in this period are not "atomic" individuals in the traditional sense of classical liberalism. Although the individuals of the May 4th period had strong moral autonomy, in the thought of the May 4th Enlightenment intellectuals, the moral consciousness of the modern individuals still followed the value criterion of "group self" of "Xiu Qi Zhi Ping". This means that the meaning and value of life is not only to satisfy one's own interests, but also to strive for the welfare of "society" and "all mankind". Behind the "ego" of individual freedom and spiritual independence, there is a higher level of social responsibility consciousness and concern for the human being and the world civilization. The "solipsism" side of individualism only affects the secular life of the civil class more, and can not obtain moral legitimacy among the enlightenment intellectuals of the May 4th Movement.
【作者单位】：湖南师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：2014年度湖南省社科基金一般项目“世俗转型与寻求超越:李大钊思想研究”(14YBB057)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K261.1

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