民国时期昆明市外籍人员管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 14:00

本文选题：民国 + 昆明　；参考：《云南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：昆明市作为西南边疆的区域中心城市之一,较早便有外籍人员经商游历与居住的现象。早在西汉时期,云南地区便是西南丝绸之路的必经之地。悠久的边疆经济文化交流与朝贡体制相适应,带来了西南边疆长久的安定局面。在明末清初时期,西方外籍人员随着航海技术的进步与殖民活动的高涨来到中国沿海地区。但中国仍处于强势的封建文明则采取闭关锁国的消极政策限制中西方各种交流。步入近代时期,清政府的落后与无能在一次又一次与列强的军事及外交争斗中暴露出来。在中国不断沉沦于半殖民地半封建社会的背景下,大部分西方外籍人员在中国享受着不平等条约所带来的特权保护。晚清政府也越来越难按以往消极隔绝的思路来应对西方外籍人员深入内地的现实状况。以中华为核心的朝贡体制也在不断分崩离析,原有的朝贡国家逐渐转向只承认西方式的外交关系,例如暹罗。在这种形势下,晚清政府依然处于消极被动的状态,即使清末新政期问也拒绝批准成立专门的外事科建议。此时期的云南,在英法两国的殖民势力侵入下,来滇外籍人员数量不断增加。尤其是随着滇越铁路与昆明市自开商埠,昆明市的外籍人员及其团体上升速度加快。但由于晚清时期中央政府对外籍人员管理的消极态度,云南地方政府也只能如其他地区一样,以条约为法律依据,以地方官员的对外策略为管理方案。例如昆明教案的发生与解决过程便是一个很好的例子。进入民国时期,政权性质的改变带来了昆明市外籍人员管理上的转机。民国政府积极争取和平谈判改变不等条约体系的束缚,探索地进行外籍人员管理制度建设,为昆明市外籍人员管理建设提供了较好的外部条件。随着来滇外籍人员数量的进一步增加和昆明警政建设的深入,昆明市外籍人员管理逐渐由政府和警察局兼管的状况过渡到创建专门外籍人员管理机构。二十世纪三十年代成为昆明市专门外籍人员管理机构的发轫创立时期。抗战爆发后,随着国民政府西迁,作为西南边疆中心城市之一的昆明市,其地缘优势迅猛提升。昆明市亦由一个普通国内城市变成了倍受国际关注的焦点城市。在战争形势下,防范间谍、合理有效地对待各国来滇外籍人员等管理问题异常凸显。为此,国民政府颁布大量管理法律政令,对外籍人员按照不同种类进行区别化的管理,以求最大效度地保证“抗战建国”目标实现。昆明市警察局外事科在这一过程中起着十分重要的作用。抗战结束后,昆明市因远离内战,仍处于较为安稳的社会秩序下。随着法西斯势力的消灭,昆明市外籍人员管理也逐步走向了和平建设。这一点在对敌国籍人员与外宾的管理上有着较好的体现。值得注意的是,在二十世纪三、四十年代中,昆明市外籍人员管理的建设与发展是在中央权威不断深入的背景下进行的。而且民国时期昆明市外籍人员管理与以往相比,有着一些明显不同的特点。
[Abstract]:As one of the central cities in the southwestern frontier, Kunming has a phenomenon that foreign personnel travel and live in business earlier. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, the Yunnan area was a necessary place for the Southwest Silk Road. The long border economic and cultural exchange was adapted to the tribute system, which brought about a long-term stability in the southwest border area. During the period, the Western expatriates came to the coastal areas of China with the progress of navigation technology and the rising of colonial activities. However, China was still in a strong feudal civilization by adopting the passive policy of closing the country and restricting various exchanges between China and the West. In modern times, the backward and incompetent of the Qing government was in the military and diplomatic contention with the powers. In the background of China's continuous sinking in the semi colonial and semi feudal society, most Western foreign expatriates enjoy the privilege protection brought by the unequal treaties in China. The late Qing government is also increasingly difficult to deal with the reality of the Western expatriates in the mainland according to the past negative isolation ideas. China is the core. The tribute system is also falling apart, the original tribute countries are gradually turning to western style diplomatic relations, such as Siam. In this situation, the late Qing government is still in a passive and passive state, even if the new policy period in the late Qing Dynasty also refused to approve the establishment of a special foreign affairs section. In this period, the colonization of the two countries in Britain and France. Under the invasion of the forces, the number of expatriates in Yunnan is increasing. Especially with the Kunming railway and Kunming City, the foreign personnel and their groups in Kunming have risen faster. But because of the negative attitude of the central government to the management of foreign personnel in the late Qing Dynasty, the local government of Yunnan can only take the treaty as the law, as in other areas. It is a good example to take local officials' external strategy as the management plan, for example, the occurrence and settlement of Kunming teaching plan.
During the period of the Republic of China, the change of the nature of the regime brought about the transfer of the management of the foreign personnel in Kunming. The government of the Republic of China actively strives for peace negotiations to change the constraints of the unequal treaty system, explore the construction of the foreign personnel management system and provide better external conditions for the management and construction of foreign personnel in Kunming. With the number of foreign personnel coming to Yunnan With the further increase of the quantity and the deepening of Kunming police construction, the management of foreign personnel in Kunming was gradually transferred from the state of the government and the police bureau to the establishment of a special foreign personnel management organization. In 1930s, it became the founding period of the special foreign personnel management organization in Kunming. After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the national government moved west, As one of the central cities of the Southwest Frontier City, Kunming city has improved its geopolitical advantage rapidly. Kunming has also become a focus of international attention from an ordinary domestic city. In the war situation, the prevention of espionage and the rational and effective treatment of foreign personnel in Yunnan, such as foreign personnel, have been highlighted. Therefore, the national government has issued a large number of management. In order to ensure the realization of the target of "Anti Japanese War and the founding of the nation" to the maximum validity, the Foreign Affairs Department of the Kunming Municipal Police Bureau plays a very important role in this process. After the war of resistance against the war, Kunming is still in a relatively stable social order. The expatriate management in Kunming has gradually moved towards the peaceful construction. This is a good embodiment of the management of the enemy and the foreign guests. It is worth noting that in the three and 40s twentieth Century, the construction and development of the management of foreign personnel in Kunming was carried out under the background of the central authority. And the management of expatriates in Kunming during the period of the Republic of China has some obvious differences compared with the past.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D693;K258

【参考文献】