民国时期山东的联庄会研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 16:09

本文选题：民国 + 山东　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国自西周开始就逐渐形成了联户自卫的传统。清代前期,在政府的倡率下,山东出现了较为低级的联庄自卫活动,后来为了镇压太平天国运动,清政府号召办理团练,有组织地统领各村开展联合自卫的联庄会在山东正式兴起。北洋时期由于天灾频繁和社会动荡,山东士绅自发领导的联庄会获得了较大发展。韩复榘治鲁时期,由于省政府的大力介入并推动,联庄会的发展达到了高潮。在北洋政府统治的后期,由于省府的无能和凭借既有的警团力量无力消除严重匪患,一些县政府在组建联庄会的同时,开始在全县推行统一的组织领导制度,加强对联庄会的整合和控制。韩复榘领导的山东省府不仅在取消其它武装会社组织的同时,确立了联庄会的合法自卫组织地位;而且在组织、装备、训练、奖惩和经费等各方面强化对全省联庄会的掌控,提升其自卫水平。此时的邹平实验县联庄会与其它县区相比,除了组织更加严密和训练内容更加丰富外,还增加了常态化的补习训练。邹平联庄会作为乡村建设组织领导者的特色非常突出。从北洋到韩复榘统治时期,山东联庄会逐步走向了全面国家化。全面抗战爆发以后,山东联庄会呈现出多样化的消亡路径。有些联庄会为国民党势力所吸收和改编,成为正规的军队;有些投靠了日军,成为服务于日本侵略中国的工具;有些经过中共的争取而成为了八路军。但是,无论走向何处,联庄会都因失去了其基于乡民开展乡村自卫的特质而消亡。民国山东联庄会在开展地方自卫、抗灾抢险、反抗反动政府对地方的盘剥等方面都发挥了积极作用。但是,联庄会因囿于地方利益,在复杂的历史条件下,往往会受外在势力的影响而做出不同的选择,或者参加革命和抗战,或者镇压革命和投降日军,从而对历史的发展产生了促进和阻碍的两面影响。但是从总体上考量,山东联庄会对历史的发展主要起到了推动作用。通过对山东联庄会的研究可知,当代建设稳定的乡村社会应该从民众的需要出发,加强组织建设,开展常态化训练。只有在政府的领导下,通过官与民的积极互动,才能维持一个稳定发展的乡村社会。
[Abstract]:Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, China has gradually formed the tradition of joint household self-defense. In the early Qing Dynasty, under the government's initiative, a relatively low level of self-defense activities appeared in Shandong. Later, in order to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, the Qing government called for a regiment training. Organized leadership of the villages to develop joint self-defense association in Shandong Province, the official rise. Due to frequent natural disasters and social turbulence during the Northern Ocean period, Shandong gentry's spontaneous leadership of the United Zhuang Association made great progress. Han Fu-ju during the period of Lu, due to the strong involvement and promotion of the provincial government, the development of the United Zhuang Commission reached a climax. In the late days of the Bei Yang government, due to the incompetence of the provincial government and the inability to eliminate serious banditry by virtue of the existing police regiment, some county governments began to implement a unified organizational leadership system throughout the county while setting up a joint council. Strengthen the integration and control of the village. The Shandong Provincial Government, led by Han Fu-chu, not only abolished other armed association organizations, but also established the legal self-defense organization status of the United Nations Association; it also strengthened its control over the provincial association in all aspects such as organization, equipment, training, rewards, punishments, funds, and so on. Raise their level of self-defense. Compared with other counties, the Zouping Experimental County Association not only has more strict organization and more abundant training contents, but also has increased the regular remedial training. Zouping Lianzhuang as the leader of rural construction organization is very prominent. From the Northern Ocean to the reign of Han Fu-chu, Shandong Union Zhuang Association gradually moved towards full-scale nationalization. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong United Zhuang will present a diversified path of extinction. Some of them were absorbed and adapted by Kuomintang forces to become regular troops; others turned to the Japanese army to serve Japan's invasion of China; and others became the eighth Route Army after the Communist Party's struggle. However, wherever it went, the United Nations died because of the loss of its rural self-defense based on the villagers. Shandong Lianzhuang Association of the Republic of China has played a positive role in developing local self-defense, fighting against disasters and rescuing danger, resisting the reactionary government's exploitation of local areas, and so on. However, because of their local interests and complicated historical conditions, they often made different choices under the influence of external forces, either to participate in the revolution and the war of resistance, or to suppress the revolution and surrender to the Japanese army. Thus, the history of the development of the promotion and hindrance of both sides of the impact. But on the whole, Shandong United Zhuang Association played a major role in promoting the development of history. Through the study of Shandong Lianzhuang Association, we can know that the contemporary construction of stable rural society should proceed from the needs of the people, strengthen the organizational construction and carry out regular training. Only under the leadership of the government, through the positive interaction between the government and the people, can a stable and developing rural society be maintained.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K26

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