南京国民政府时期陕西社会救济研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 17:57

本文选题：南京 + 国民政府时期　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：国民政府时期,存在一批因贫困、灾害与战争的影响而产生的弱势群体。如何使这一弱势群体回归主流社会,成为当时社会不得不解决的问题。国民政府为了维护社会稳定,指令各地方通过建立教养院以及救济院等救济机构来救济弱势群体。在此背景下,陕西政府根据实际情况,展开了符合陕西省情的社会救济活动。本文通过国民政府时期陕西社会救济活动,来阐明陕西各救济机构救济弱势群体的情况以及这些救济活动所取得的效果和从中得到的启示,从而使人们更加清晰的了解国民政府时期陕西社会救济事业的发展概况。全文共分为五章：第一章论述了社会救济及其概况。主要是对社会救济的概念进行界定,以及对民国以前社会救济的演变和民国时期社会救济的方法和内容进行阐述。同时,对国民政府时期社会救济行政组织和社会救济的宗旨也进行了介绍。第二章主要论述了国民政府时期陕西政府的救济活动。国民政府时期,陕西在政治局面不稳定和经济发展缓慢的环境中,存在一批由贫民、灾民、难民所构成的弱势群体。为了救济这些弱势群体,陕西政府成立了陕西省救济院。第三章论述了国民政府时期陕西社会救济儿童的活动和各救济机构的运作机制。在救济弱势群体的过程中,儿童成为各救济机构救济的重点。除陕西政府外,社会民众、教会势力也积极参与救济儿童的活动,其救济方式有设立儿童教养所、育婴堂等。通过对各救济机构经费来源与人事管理制度进行研究,分析陕西社会救济机构的运作机制。第四章论述了国民政府时期陕西社会救济的效果与不足。国民政府时期陕西开展的社会救济活动在养育、教化弱势群体和增强政府社会控制力等方面产生了良好的效果。在肯定其取得成绩的同时,也需指出陕西地区在办理社会救济方面存在的问题。经费短缺、管理不善、救济人员失职与腐败的问题在各救济机构中都不同程度的存在。第五章论述了国民政府时期陕西社会救济的特点以及带给我们的启示。社会救济理念由传统向近代化转变、社会各方力量的共同参与以及设立特殊救济机构等特点在陕西救济活动中都得以体现。透过陕西社会救济,从中可以得出一些启示：充足的资金是保障社会救济正常运转的前提；社会救济只是解决社会问题的方法之一却不是根本方法；社会救济顺利进行需要健全的组织；社会救济化解社会风险促进社会团结。本文中的弱势群体救济,分为常态和非常态下的社会救济；虽对老人、妇女有所涉及,但重点是对儿童的救济；救济范围是国民政府统治下的国土区。
[Abstract]:In the period of the national government, there was a group of disadvantaged groups caused by the influence of poverty, disaster and war. How to make this disadvantaged group return to the mainstream society has become a problem that the society had to solve at that time. In order to maintain social stability, the national government remedies the disadvantaged places through the establishment of the remedies and relief institutions, such as education institutions and relief institutions. In this context, according to the actual situation, the government of Shaanxi launched a social relief activity in accordance with the actual situation of Shaanxi. This article, through the social relief activities of Shaanxi in the period of the national government, clarifies the situation of the relief agencies in Shaanxi relief organizations and the effects of these relief activities and the Enlightenment from them, so that people will be able to do so. A clearer understanding of the development of social relief in Shaanxi during the period of the Kuomintang government is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter discusses the social relief and its general situation. It mainly defines the concept of social relief, as well as the evolution of social relief before the Republic of China and the methods and contents of social relief during the period of the Republic of China. At the same time, it also introduces the purpose of social relief administrative organization and social relief in the period of the national government.
The second chapter mainly discusses the relief activities of the government of Shaanxi in the period of the national government. During the period of the national government, in the environment of unstable political situation and the slow economic development, Shaanxi existed a group of vulnerable groups composed of the poor, the victims and the refugees. In order to relieve these disadvantaged groups, the Shaanxi government established the relief Institute of Shaanxi.
The third chapter discusses the activities of the social relief children and the operating mechanism of the relief agencies in Shaanxi during the period of the national government. In the process of relief to the disadvantaged groups, children become the focus of relief agencies. In addition to the government of Shaanxi, the social people, the church forces also actively participate in the activities of children in relief, and the way of remedies for children is to set up children's rearing. By studying the source of funds and personnel management system of relief agencies, the operation mechanism of social relief institutions in Shaanxi is analyzed.
The fourth chapter discusses the effect and lack of social relief in Shaanxi during the period of the national government. The social relief activities carried out by Shaanxi during the period of the national government have produced good results in raising, educating the disadvantaged groups and strengthening the social control of the government. In the affirmation of their achievements, it is also necessary to point out that the Shaanxi area is dealing with the social relief party. The problem of the existence of funds, shortage of funds, poor management, dereliction of duty and corruption of relief workers exist in varying degrees in relief agencies.
The fifth chapter discusses the characteristics of the social relief of Shaanxi in the period of the national government and the enlightenment to us. The characteristics of social relief from the traditional to modern, the joint participation of all social forces and the establishment of special relief institutions are all embodied in the relief activities in Shaanxi. Through the social relief of Shaanxi, some can be obtained. Enlightenment: sufficient funds are the premise of ensuring the normal operation of social relief; social relief is only one of the methods to solve social problems but not the fundamental method; the smooth social relief needs a sound organization; social relief helps to resolve social risks and promote social solidarity.
The relief of the disadvantaged groups in this article is divided into social relief under normal and very normal conditions; although it is related to the elderly and women, the emphasis is on the relief of children; the scope of relief is the national territory under the rule of the national government.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K258

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