计划经济时期广西的水旱灾害及防灾救灾举措

发布时间：2018-05-17 16:40

本文选题：计划经济 + 广西　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：计划经济时期,广西的社会经济得到了较为快速的发展,工业化进程开始起步,但是随之而来的是水旱灾害的频发及其破坏程度的加剧。这一背景下,如何应对水旱灾害的严重威胁成为广西各级政府施政的重要内容之一。这一时期,广西水旱的防治工作带有鲜明的计划经济体制特色。本文拟就计划经济时期广西的水旱灾害为背景,探讨广西在计划经济体制下防灾救灾工作的举措,进而总结其特点与不足,时间的跨度为1957-1992年。文章首先概述了计划经济时期广西水旱灾害发生的概况,在此基础上,论述了灾害发生的自然原因与社会原因,以及其对广西社会造成的严重创伤与影响。第二章简要论述了面对日益频发的水旱灾害,广西政府采取的防灾措施,如推进气象事业发展,提高预报水平、大力发展水利设施建设以及加强水土保持工作等。第三章重点论述了计划经济时期广西的救灾举措,主要包括救灾管理体制的完善,抢救和安置灾民,组织灾民生产自救、节约渡荒,广泛开展群众互助互济工作以及及时进行国家救济等五个方面。第四章在前两章的论述基础上,深入分析了广西在计划经济体制下防灾救灾工作的特点,并总结其不足。文章认为,国家掌控社会资源,能够迅速发动各种力量参与防灾救灾是这一时期广西防御水旱灾害的重要特点,但是这一时期突出政治的特点也在一定程度上干扰了防灾救灾决策的科学化,另外救灾主体与方式单一,救助水平不高也是其面临的主要问题之一,而权利分配失衡,中央与地方、政府与灾民间的利益协调不足则是这一体制下救灾工作的深层次矛盾。水旱灾害的应对,历来是地方政府施政内容的一个重要方面。掌握水旱灾害的发生规律,制定及时有效的应对措施,对于抗灾意义重大。广西生态环境本就脆弱,水旱灾害历来是其面对的主要灾害,并且在未来相当长的一段时间内仍然是其要解决的主要问题。本文通过对计划经济时期广西对水旱灾害的应对研究,总结其在同自然灾害作斗争过程中的经验和教训,希望能对广西乃至全国的灾害防治工作提供有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:During the planned economy period, the social economy of Guangxi was developed rapidly, and the industrialization process began to start, but the frequent occurrence of flood and drought disasters and the intensification of the degree of destruction were followed. Under this background, how to deal with the serious threat of flood and drought disaster has become one of the important contents of Guangxi government administration. In this period, Guangxi flood and drought prevention and control work with distinctive characteristics of planned economy system. Based on the background of the flood and drought disasters in Guangxi during the planned economy period, this paper discusses the measures of disaster prevention and relief in Guangxi under the planned economic system, and then summarizes its characteristics and shortcomings. The time span is 1957-1992. This paper first summarizes the general situation of the flood and drought disasters in Guangxi during the planned economy period, and on this basis, discusses the natural and social causes of the disasters, as well as its serious trauma and influence on the Guangxi society. The second chapter briefly discusses the disaster prevention measures taken by Guangxi government in the face of frequent flood and drought disasters, such as promoting meteorological development, improving forecasting level, vigorously developing water conservancy facilities and strengthening soil and water conservation. The third chapter focuses on the planned economic period of Guangxi disaster relief measures, mainly including the improvement of disaster relief management system, rescue and resettlement of disaster victims, organize the production of disaster victims to help themselves, save wasteland, Widely carry out the work of mutual assistance and mutual assistance among the masses and carry out state relief in a timely manner. On the basis of the first two chapters, the fourth chapter deeply analyzes the characteristics of disaster prevention and relief in Guangxi under the planned economy system, and summarizes its shortcomings. The article holds that the control of social resources by the state and the ability to quickly mobilize all kinds of forces to participate in disaster prevention and relief are the important characteristics of preventing floods and drought disasters in Guangxi during this period. However, the prominent political characteristics of this period also interfered with the scientific decision-making of disaster prevention and relief to a certain extent. In addition, the single subject and mode of disaster relief and the low level of relief are also one of the main problems they face, and the distribution of rights is out of balance. Lack of coordination between central and local governments and disaster victims is a deep contradiction in disaster relief work under this system. The response to flood and drought disasters has always been an important aspect of local government administration. It is of great significance to grasp the occurrence law of flood and drought disasters and to formulate timely and effective countermeasures. Guangxi's ecological environment is fragile, flood and drought disaster is always the main disaster, and in the future for a long period of time is still the main problem to be solved. Based on the study of Guangxi's response to flood and drought disasters in the planned economy period, this paper summarizes its experiences and lessons in the process of combating natural disasters, and hopes to provide useful reference for the disaster prevention and control work in Guangxi and even the whole country.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：X43;K27;D632.5

【参考文献】