知识青年上山下乡动因分析及历史反思

发布时间：2018-05-19 14:41

本文选题：知识青年 + 上山下乡　；参考：《江西师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 知识青年上山下乡是新中国成立后由政府组织的、牵涉面极为广泛、社会影响极其深远的社会活动,它涉及人数曾达1700万人以上,是共和国史上的重要事件之一。知识青年上山下乡给新中国发展造成了极为深远的历史影响。知识青年上山下乡是一项以解决城市就业和培养新式“农民”,推动新农村建设双向任务并举的一项经济活动。因受“文革”影响,其后期具有明显的政治倾向性。知识青年上山下乡在前后期发起的基本动因上存在一定的差异性。解决城镇知青就业,缓解就业压力,支持农村建设,培养社会主义新农民,苏联集体农庄的影响,是前期发起的基本动因;而后期除了受这些因素影响外,还受社会主义“再教育”,红卫兵运动和培养社会主义接班人等政治因素的影响。知识青年上山下乡对中国城乡社会发展有着重要影响。作为毛泽东新农村建设探索的重要举措,知识青年上山下乡对新农村建设有重大推动作用。下乡知青为农村注入了新的“生产血液”,推动了农村生产的发展;传播了城市文化,改善了农民的生活习惯,促进了农村医疗卫生事业的发展。大规模的城市知识青年上山下乡使城市失去了其自身的资源优势,一度出现”倒城市化“现象,阻碍了新中国城市化发展进程。知识青年上山下乡作为调整我国国民经济的一项应急措施,它不可能成为解决就业的长远国策。改革旧的经济体制,解放和发展生产力是解决就业的根本途径。知识青年上山下乡对当前以“大学生村官计划”为代表的“新上山下乡”有重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the educated youth were organized by the government, which involved a wide range of social activities with far-reaching social impact. It involved more than 17 million people and was one of the important events in the history of the Republic. The intellectual youth went to the countryside to cause the extremely profound historical influence to the new China development. It is an economic activity for intellectual youth to go to the countryside to solve urban employment, train new "peasants" and promote the construction of new countryside. Because of the influence of the Cultural Revolution, its later period has obvious political tendency. There are some differences in the motivation of intellectual youth to go to the countryside. Solving urban educated youth employment, relieving employment pressure, supporting rural construction, training new socialist farmers, and the influence of Soviet collective farms are the basic reasons for the early stage of the initiation, but in the later period, in addition to these factors, It is also influenced by political factors such as socialist re-education, Red Guards movement and training of socialist successors. Educated youth going to the countryside has an important impact on the social development of China's urban and rural areas. As an important measure to explore the construction of the new countryside in Mao Zedong, the intellectual youth going to the countryside plays an important role in promoting the construction of the new countryside. The educated youth in the countryside have injected new "production blood" into the countryside, promoted the development of rural production, spread urban culture, improved peasants' living habits, and promoted the development of rural medical and health care. The large-scale urban intellectual youth go to the countryside to make the city lose its own resource superiority, once appeared "the inverted urbanization" phenomenon, has hindered the new China urbanization development process. As an emergency measure to adjust the national economy of our country, it is impossible for educated youth to go to the countryside to solve the long-term national policy of employment. Reforming the old economic system, liberating and developing productive forces is the fundamental way to solve employment. It is of great significance for the educated youth to go to the countryside.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27

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