近代“中学为体，西学为用”思想沿承及其当代价值

发布时间：2018-05-19 12:03

本文选题：“中体西用”思想 + 沿承　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“中学为体,西学为用”思想(以下简称“中体西用”思想)作为洋务运动时期的重要思想体系和总纲,自明末清初西学东渐时期初显端倪,历经鸦片战争前后经世派的初期探索和早期维新派的理论构建,于洋务运动兴起时大行其道,并直接影响了维新思想的构建和戊戌变法的展开,经革命派的改造逐渐产生道路分歧和嬗变,历经百余年,内容宏富,影响深远,是开展政治思想研究的优良载体。其思想源于中国传统的“体”、“用”范畴,以现实为立足点,以调和中西关系,通过学习西方维护“中体”为目的,在中国近代纵横捭阖,是管窥中国近代政治思想发展历程的一道独特门径,更是了解和把握中国近代政治思想沿承脉络的一把钥匙。 “中体西用”思想历经百余年沿承,根本上源于现实需要和传统的政治思维方式之需要,其长期沿承的原因从经济方面讲,是半殖民地半封建社会形成和资本主义经济因素日渐增加的产物和反映；从政治方面讲,源于富国强兵和国内政治体系巩固的需要；从思想文化方面讲,符合中国诸多学者及政治实践者传统的“执两端”观念,形似“中庸”,实则为政治实践提供了依据,有利于向西方学习；同时中国近代政治思想和政治实践的复杂性,以及该思想在当时的相对先进性,为“中体西用”思想的形成、发展与完善提供了条件,并显现出现实性、复杂性和渐变性的特点。当前,“中体西用”思想仍有其重要的现实意义与当代价值。无论是从中西分野的现实性和长期性看,还是其关注社会现实、有利于借鉴式吸收西方文明成果看,仍然有其灼然的价值,值得认真思考；对中国改革来说,坚持渐进性原则,使政治体系的运作与改革开放保持中国特色,是我们始终要坚持的一点；面对时代特点与要求,“中体西用”思想可以与现代中国政治发展实现会通；鉴于当代中国发展的动力机制问题,政治思想研究须坚持理论联系实际,彰显其当代价值。中国需要政治思想研究,中国需要政治学。
[Abstract]:The thought of "middle school as the body and western learning as the use" (hereinafter referred to as the thought of "Chinese style and western use") as the important ideological system and general outline of the Westernization Movement period, since the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, the western learning began to emerge in the early period. After the Opium War, the early exploration of the Jingshi School and the theoretical construction of the early reformist school became popular when the Westernization Movement arose, which directly influenced the construction of the reform thought and the opening of the Reform Movement of 1898. After more than a hundred years of transformation, the revolutionary school gradually produced a divergence of ways and transmutation, the content of which is rich and far-reaching, and it is an excellent carrier to carry out the research of political thought. Its thought originates from the Chinese traditional category of "body" and "use", takes the reality as its foothold, reconciles the relations between China and the West, and manipulates in modern China by learning from the West to maintain the "Chinese style". It is a unique way to explore the development of Chinese modern political thought, and a key to understand and grasp Chinese modern political thought. After more than one hundred years, the thought of "the use of the Chinese body and the west" originated from the practical needs and the needs of the traditional political thinking mode, and the reasons for its long-term development were from the economic point of view. It is the product and reflection of the formation of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and the increasing capitalist economic factors; from the political point of view, it stems from the need to strengthen the armed forces of the rich nation and consolidate the domestic political system; and from the ideological and cultural point of view, The concept of "holding both ends", which conforms to the tradition of many Chinese scholars and political practitioners, is similar to the "mean", which in fact provides a basis for political practice and is conducive to learning from the West, and at the same time, the complexity of political thought and political practice in modern China. And the relative advanced nature of the thought at that time provided the conditions for the formation, development and perfection of the thought of "the use of the Chinese body and the West", and showed the characteristics of reality, complexity and gradual change. At present, the thought of "the use of Chinese and Western" still has its important practical significance and contemporary value. Whether viewed from the reality and long-term nature of the distinction between China and the West or its concern for social reality, it is still of great value in drawing lessons from the achievements of Western civilization and is worthy of serious consideration. For China's reform, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of gradual progress. To keep the operation of the political system and the reform and opening to the outside world with Chinese characteristics is a point we should always adhere to, facing the characteristics and requirements of the times, the thought of "using the Chinese and the West" can connect with the political development of modern China. In view of the dynamic mechanism of the development of contemporary China, the study of political thought should adhere to the combination of theory with practice and highlight its contemporary value. China needs the study of political ideology, and China needs politics.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K251

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