浅析二战后初期美国的对华调处措施及中共的应对策略（1945-1949）

发布时间：2018-05-19 20:17

本文选题：美国 + 调处措施　；参考：《四川师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：战后初期的美国对华调处措施及中共对美政策的应对策略研究是中国现代史、中共党史、中国革命史研究的一个共同的重要课题。在此过程中,中国共产党对战后初期中国国内的基本形势,以及对美国对华调处措施进行了深刻地分析和研究,并提出正确的指导方针和斗争策略,及时准确地为全国人民指明了前进的方向,拯救了中国革命,取得了最终的胜利。美国政府及其决策者非常重视中国在战后的重要影响和作用。美国既要在亚洲扶持中国雄踞,还要重点布置力量在欧洲围堵苏联,同时还要应付世界各地的反帝与反殖民的革命危机。美国政府非常重视中国在战后远东的作用,美国决策者认为“一个稳定、统一、亲美的中国会是整个亚洲的关键,一个强大的民主的中国将取代日本和帝国主义的影响,并将抵消革命学说在东方民众的号召力,中国还可以充当苏联在东北亚的可能的扩张的缓冲地带。”①由此可见,战后初期美国对华政策的制定和实施,一方面是从美国自身全球安全战略布局考虑,另一方面也是随着国际局势的变化、以及中国共产党实力和地位的提升而不断演变的。美国既要在亚洲扶持亲美的中国遏制苏联,也要重点布置力量在欧洲围堵苏联,同时还要应付世界各地此起彼伏的反帝、反殖民的革命危机。战后初期,中国共产党根据国内外际局势和自身的发展需要调整对美外交政策,同时以独立自主原则为基本对美策略原则,全面、综合地分析第二次世界大战后的国内外形势,利用苏联和东欧国家的人民民主国家权力存在的力量,以及东方被压迫民族的民族主义、反殖民主义运动风起云涌的斗争等有利国际形势,综合考量对美斗争的策略,取得了对美斗争的胜利。中国共产党针对美国政府特使在停战调处的政策变化,提出和采取不同的对美政策,顺应民主和平的时代潮流,顺应民心,对中国共产党战后的发展和前进道路选择奠定了基础,并在很大程度上直接影响了中国的兴衰命运。通过中国共产党对美国对华调处措施的认识及其对美政策策略演变的研究可以得出结论：中国共产党始终代表中国人民的利益,为实现独立、民主、和平建国的政治目标同美帝国主义进行了不懈的斗争,并最终取得了中国革命彻底的胜利。这就是历史给予我们后人最重要的启示。本文拟从中外关系史的角度出发,以战后初期美国的远东政策中的中国战略因素作为切入点,以美国对华调处措施作为线索,再以中共的应对策略为重点展开行文,并进一步论证探索。
[Abstract]:The study of American mediation measures to China and the Chinese Communists' policy toward the United States in the early postwar period is a common and important subject in the study of the modern history of China, the history of the Communist Party of China and the history of the Chinese revolution. In the course of this process, the Communist Party of China made a profound analysis and study of the basic domestic situation in China in the early postwar period, as well as the measures taken by the United States to mediate and deal with China, and put forward correct guiding principles and struggle strategies. In time and accurately pointed out the way forward for the whole nation, saved the Chinese revolution, and won the final victory. The US government and its policy makers attach great importance to China's important role in the postwar period. The United States not only supports China in Asia, but also encircles the Soviet Union in Europe. At the same time, it has to deal with the revolutionary crisis of anti-imperialist and anti-colonial in various parts of the world. The US government attaches great importance to China's role in the postwar far East. American policy makers believe that "a stable, unified, pro-American China will be the key to the whole of Asia, and a strong democratic China will replace the influence of Japan and imperialism." And will counteract the appeal of the revolutionary doctrine to the people in the East, and China can also serve as a buffer zone for the possible expansion of the Soviet Union in Northeast Asia. "1 it can be seen from this that the formulation and implementation of the US policy towards China in the early postwar period, On the one hand, considering the global security strategic layout of the United States itself, on the other hand, it is constantly evolving with the changes of the international situation and the upgrading of the strength and status of the CPC. The United States should not only support a pro-American China in Asia to contain the Soviet Union, but also focus its efforts on encircling the Soviet Union in Europe. At the same time, it should also deal with the incessant crisis of anti-imperialist and anti-colonial revolution in various parts of the world. In the early postwar period, the Communist Party of China adjusted its foreign policy toward the United States according to the domestic and foreign situation and its own development needs. At the same time, taking the principle of independence and autonomy as the basic strategic principle towards the United States, the CPC comprehensively and comprehensively analyzed the domestic and foreign situation after the second World War. Taking advantage of the strength of the power of the people's democratic states in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, as well as the nationalism of the oppressed peoples in the East, the upsurge of the anti-colonialism movement, and other favorable international situations, the tactics of the struggle against the United States will be comprehensively considered. Victory in the struggle against the United States. The Chinese Communist Party has proposed and adopted different policies towards the United States in response to the policy changes of the US government special envoys in the armistice mediation, conforming to the trend of the times of democracy and peace, and to the hearts of the people. It laid a foundation for the development and choice of the way forward of the Communist Party of China after the war, and to a great extent directly affected the fate of China's rise and fall. Through the study of the Chinese Communist Party's understanding of the measures taken by the United States to mediate and deal with China and the evolution of the United States policy strategy, we can draw a conclusion that the CPC always represents the interests of the Chinese people, in order to achieve independence and democracy. The political goal of the peaceful foundation of the people's Republic of China was unremitting struggle with American imperialism, and the Chinese revolution was finally won. This is the most important revelation that history has given us. From the point of view of the history of Sino-foreign relations, this paper takes the Chinese strategic factors in the American far East policy in the early postwar period as the starting point, takes the measures of American mediation to China as the clue, and then focuses on the Chinese Communist Party's coping strategy. And further demonstration and exploration.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K266;K712;D829

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