从晚清中国社会变迁看文化传统与正式制度的关系

发布时间：2018-05-21 01:01

本文选题：正式制度 + 非正式制度　；参考：《燕山大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 任何社会秩序的维护都是正式制度与非正式制度共同作用的结果。正式制度大多是以文本形式存在的约束人们行为关系的一系列契约安排,包括政治制度、经济制度和组织规章等;非正式制度是人们在长期的社会交往中无意识形成并代代相传的文化传统。在社会稳定时期,正式制度与非正式制度相互协调,共同调节并稳定社会关系;而在社会转型时期,正式制度与非正式制度之间则会出现“紧张”并导致社会秩序混乱,进而诱发制度的变迁。本文以晚清中国社会变迁为研究的实例,用新制度经济学的研究方法对文化传统与正式制度的相互关系进行研究。本文的主要内容分为以下三个方面: 第一部分是对制度的概念、正式制度与非正式制度的概念以及二者的之间的关系、文化转型与制度变迁的关系等有关制度问题研究的基础理论进行的简明阐述。第二部分论述了鸦片战争后中国社会的变化,主要从经济、政治、文化等方面详细论述晚清社会变迁的具体过程。文章具体描述了中国经济中新的发展趋势,中国文化界的新变化以及知识分子中各种救国救民的思想和行动,同时也阐述了诸如戊戌变法、清末新政、预备立宪等晚清重大政治事件的原委。第三部分详细论述了晚清中国社会变迁中文化传统与正式制度之间互动关系。鸦片战争后,中国社会正式制度与非正式制度之间的紧张程度明显加深,外来的新知识、新观念不断传入,新的经济活动逐渐展开,在新观念的推动下,开国会、设议院、民主共和等也登上了中国的政治舞台。但是,由于传统文化与传统政治的强大惰性使得这些变革最后均以失败而告终。
[Abstract]:The maintenance of any social order is the result of the joint action of formal and informal institutions. The formal system is mostly a series of contractual arrangements, including political system, economic system and organizational regulations, which restrict the relationship between people's behavior in the form of text. Informal system is a cultural tradition formed unconsciously and handed down from generation to generation in long-term social interaction. During the period of social stability, formal and informal institutions coordinate with each other to regulate and stabilize social relations, while in the period of social transformation, there will be tension between formal and informal institutions and lead to social disorder. Then it induces institutional changes. Taking the social change of China in the late Qing Dynasty as an example, this paper studies the relationship between cultural tradition and formal institution with the method of new institutional economics. The main content of this paper is divided into the following three aspects: The first part is a brief description of the basic theories of institutional research, such as the concept of institution, the concept of formal institution and informal institution, the relationship between them, the relationship between cultural transformation and institutional change, and so on. The second part discusses the social changes in China after the Opium War, mainly from the economic, political, cultural and other aspects of the specific process of social change in the late Qing Dynasty. The article concretely describes the new development trend in the Chinese economy, the new changes in the Chinese cultural circle and the ideas and actions of the intellectuals to save the nation and save the people. At the same time, it also expounds such as the Reform Movement of 1898, the New deal of the late Qing Dynasty, To prepare for the constitution and other important political events in the late Qing Dynasty. The third part discusses the interaction between the cultural tradition and the formal system in the late Qing Dynasty. After the Opium War, the tension between the formal and informal institutions in Chinese society obviously deepened. New knowledge and new ideas were constantly introduced, and new economic activities began gradually. Under the impetus of the new ideas, the founding assembly set up a parliament. Democracy and republicanism are also on the political stage in China. However, due to the inertia of traditional culture and traditional politics, these changes all ended in failure.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K252

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