抗战时期晋绥边区劳动英雄运动研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 21:29

本文选题：抗战时期 + 晋绥边区　；参考：《延安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：晋绥边区由晋西北、晋西南、大青山三块革命根据地组成,作为陕甘宁边区的天然保护屏障,又是抗战的前沿阵地,战略位置极为重要。抗战时期晋绥边区经济陷入了严重危机之中,为了发展生产,保障自给,供应抗战物资,晋绥边区政府和其他革命根据地积极效仿陕甘宁边区经验,颁布农业奖励政策,通过选举劳动英雄的方式,来提高民众生产热情,进而提高工农业生产量。晋绥边区劳动英雄运动从1940年开始,在抗战期间共举办四届劳动英雄大会,历经发起、发展、高潮三个阶段。在运动中也树立了边区自己的模范代表人物——张秋风、张初元,并开展了典型运动,从而使晋绥边区劳动英雄运动迅速地开展起来。在工业领域开展了张秋风运动,有初步开展、全面开展、深入开展、运动结束四个阶段。在变工合作中,开展学习张初元“劳武结合”互助模式,并在推广和学习中得到了创新与发展。晋绥边区劳动英雄运动中涌现出无数劳动英雄,他们作为边区农村中的核心人物,在战时边区农村经济、政治、文化建设中起了重要的领导、带头、桥梁作用。劳动英雄制定生产计划,组织劳动互助,改造二流子,领导群众开展生产,并且在生产中积累经验,改进生产工具,兴修水利,促进了边区粮食生产量的增长,为边区自身建设、保障陕甘宁边区和持久抗战奠定了重要的物资基础;劳动英雄带头开展拥军拥政运动,积极拥护中共和边区政府,战时和建国初期担任村中干部,作为基层领导人物,有助于中共赢得群众的支持;劳动英雄领导群众开展社会教育活动,通过办冬学、办学校、读报纸等方式,带头学习,制定学习计划,提高了农村群众的文化水平和政治觉悟。劳动英雄还参与大众文化的创作,创作出了大量反映新生活、新人物的作品,推动了晋绥边区大众文艺运动的兴起和发展。劳动英雄运动推动了战时农村社会变迁,使得农村在经济面貌、政治面貌、精神面貌、思想观念、社会风气上发生了明显的变化。经济上出现了复苏景象,农民生活水平得到明显改善;农村妇女得到解放,逐渐打破了男尊女卑的恶俗,追求男女平等的风气开始盛行;群众通俗文化运动兴起,娱乐活动的增加,丰富了群众的精神生活;群众观念意识发生了很大的变化,劳动光荣意识逐渐形成,农村中害人的封建迷信和驱鬼治病疗法逐渐受到质疑,人们开始崇尚科学,生活中也开始注意讲卫生。战时劳动英雄运动虽已过去,但选举劳模一直延续到现在,劳动英雄身上所具有的精神是当今社会主义核心价值观的集中体现,对社会主义精神文明的建设具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The Shansi-Suiyuan Border region is composed of three revolutionary base areas of northwest Shanxi, southwest Shanxi and Daqingshan. As the natural protection barrier of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region, it is also the forward position of the War of Resistance against Japan, and the strategic position is extremely important. During the Anti-Japanese War, the economy of the Shansi-Suiyuan Border region was in a serious crisis. In order to develop production, ensure self-sufficiency, supply anti-war materials, the government of the Shansi-Suiyuan Border region and other revolutionary base areas actively emulated the experience of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region and promulgated an agricultural reward policy. Through the election of labor heroes, to increase the enthusiasm of production, and then increase the production of industry and agriculture. The labor hero movement in Shanxi and Suiyuan Border region began in 1940 and held four labor hero conferences during the War of Resistance against Japan, which went through three stages: initiation, development and climax. In the movement, they also set up their own model representatives-Zhang Qiufeng and Zhang Yuanyuan, and carried out typical movements, so that the movement of labor heroes in the border area of Shanxi and Suiyuan developed rapidly. Zhang Qiufeng movement has been carried out in the field of industry. There are four stages: preliminary development, comprehensive development, deep development and the end of the movement. In the course of changing work cooperation, we develop the mutual aid model of Zhang Chuanyuan's "combination of labor and force", and have been innovated and developed in the process of popularization and study. Numerous labor heroes emerged in the movement of labor heroes in the border area of Shanxi and Suiyuan. As the key figures in the rural areas of the border region, they played an important role in the economic, political and cultural construction of the border areas during the wartime. The labor heroes worked out production plans, organized labor assistance, reformed the two streams, led the masses to carry out production, accumulated experience in production, improved production tools, built water conservancy projects, and promoted the growth of grain production in the border areas. It has laid an important material foundation for building the border region itself and safeguarding the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region and the protracted War of Resistance against Japan; the labor heroes have spearheaded the movement to support the army and the government, actively supported the Communist Party of China and the border region government, and served as village cadres during the war and the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Being a leading figure at the grass-roots level will help the CPC win the support of the masses; the labor heroes will lead the masses in carrying out social education activities, take the lead in studying and drawing up study plans by running winter studies, running schools, reading newspapers, etc. The cultural level and political consciousness of the rural masses have been raised. The labor heroes also participated in the creation of popular culture and created a large number of works reflecting new life and new characters, which promoted the rise and development of the popular literary and artistic movement in Shanxi and Suiyuan Border region. The labor hero movement promoted the change of the rural society in wartime, and made the countryside have obvious changes in the economic, political, spiritual, ideological and social ethos. The recovery of the economy and the marked improvement in the living standards of the peasants; the liberation of rural women, the gradual breaking of the vulgarity of inferiority and superiority of men and women, and the popularity of the pursuit of equality between men and women; and the rise of popular cultural movements among the masses. The increase in recreational activities has enriched the spiritual life of the masses; great changes have taken place in the consciousness of the masses, the consciousness of the glorious labor has gradually formed, and the feudal superstition and the therapy of eliminating ghosts and treating diseases that harm the people in the countryside have gradually been questioned. People began to advocate science, life also began to pay attention to hygiene. Although the wartime labor hero movement has passed, the election labor model has continued until now. The spirit of the labor hero is the concentrated embodiment of the socialist core values, which is of great significance to the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265

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