日俄战后日本政府对“满洲”经营政策的讨论

发布时间：2018-05-23 11:35

本文选题：“满洲”问题 + “满洲”军政　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：“满洲”原为满族的旧称，在日本对中国进行侵略的过程中它逐渐变成了一个政治地理名词，泛指中国东北地区。由于其处于中国内地和西伯利亚的入口，在近代受到列强的格外关注，与各国在政治上、经济上都有着深刻的利害关系。1904年由于日俄两国矛盾的激化，最终爆发了日俄战争，“满洲”不仅成为两国争夺的目标之一，并且沦为双方角逐的场所。 1905年9月5日，日本在战争中取得胜利，通过《朴茨茅斯条约》从俄国手中继承了其在“满洲”的相关权益，其势力正式侵入“南满”。但是在战争中日本无视中国的主权，肆意在所到之处建立军事行政机构实行所谓军政，最终引起了清政府的抗议；同时日本凭借军事上的优势排挤英美商人的政策，也与美国提出的“门户开放”政策发生严重的冲突，同样引起了英美的不满和抗议。这样在日俄战后，，日本就面临了一个所谓的“满洲”问题。面对这种状况，日本政府内部就对“满洲”采取什么样的经营政策上出现了严重的分歧。备受英美压力的外务省以加藤高明为代表，主张在“满洲”实行“门户开放”，而在战争中得势的陆军却对此态度消极，从而引起外务省的不满；同时对此问题陆军内部的意见也并不统一，以山县有朋为首的陆军中央和以儿玉源太郎为代表的“满洲”驻军之间分歧最为明显。面对这种状况，1906年5月伊藤博文主导召开了有山县有朋、首相西园寺公望等元老阁臣参加的“满洲”问题协议会，使各方的意见实现了初步的统一，做出了在“满洲”废军政、实行“门户开放”决定，从而使矛盾得到暂时的缓和。本文主要通过对日俄战后初期，日本政府内部在“满洲”问题上出现的分歧和其对“满洲”经营政策的讨论过程进行研究，从而揭示这一时期日本“满洲”经营政策的特点和成因。
[Abstract]:Manchuria, formerly known as Manchu, gradually became a political geographical term in the course of Japanese aggression against China, referring generally to Northeast China. Because it is located in the entrance of mainland China and Siberia, it has been paid special attention to by the great powers in modern times, and has a profound interest in politics and economy. Because of the intensification of the contradiction between Japan and Russia in 1904, the war between Japan and Russia finally broke out. Manchuria became not only one of the targets of the two countries, but also the arena of the two sides. On September 5, 1905, Japan won the war and inherited its rights and interests in Manchuria from Russia through the Treaty of Portsmouth. But in the war, Japan ignored China's sovereignty and wantonly set up a military administration wherever it went to carry out the so-called military administration, which eventually led to protests by the Qing government.At the same time, Japan relied on its military superiority to crowd out British and American businessmen. There is also a serious conflict with the open-door policy proposed by the United States, which also aroused discontent and protest from the United States and the United States. In this way, after the war between Japan and Russia, Japan faced a so-called Manchuria problem. Faced with this situation, there are serious differences within the Japanese government over what kind of operating policy to adopt on Manchuria. Under British and American pressure, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, represented by Kato Gaoming, advocated the implementation of "open doors" in "Manchuria", but the army, which gained power in the war, took a negative attitude, which caused dissatisfaction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, opinions on this issue are not uniform within the Army, and the differences between the Central Army Central Committee headed by friends in Shan County and the "Manchuria" garrison represented by Yuyutaro Yeh are most obvious. Faced with this situation, in May 1906 Ito Bowen led the convening of a meeting on the "Manchuria" issue, which included friends in Yushan County and public hope of Prime Minister Xiyuan Temple, which resulted in a preliminary unification of the views of all parties and the abolition of military and political affairs in "Manchuria". The decision to "open doors" has been implemented, thereby temporarily easing the conflict. This paper mainly studies the differences within the Japanese government on the issue of "Manchuria" in the early post-war period of Japan-Russia and its discussion process on the "Manchuria" management policy. In order to reveal this period of Japanese "Manchuria" management policy characteristics and causes.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K257;K313

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