清末东北鼠疫防控与交通遮断

发布时间：2018-05-24 00:37

本文选题：鼠疫防控 + 交通遮断　；参考：《历史研究》2014年02期

【摘要】：1910年,东北爆发鼠疫。为应对东北鼠疫,清政府采取交通遮断的措施。东北地区交通状况决定了交通遮断必须从铁路、陆路和海路三方面着手。该地区大量外来苦工成为交通遮断的主要对象。清政府停运铁路后,为防止苦工徒步流动,中俄之间、中央与地方、各省之间以及各地之间展开复杂的交涉。最初,由于担心苦工入关会导致疫情蔓延以及增加地方压力,直隶、山东两省督抚禁止苦工入关。农历大年过后,直隶、山东两省苦工纷纷出发返回东北谋生,因此交通遮断的主要内容演变为东三省总督防止苦工出关。东北各地政府之间为截留和留养苦工亦展开利益交涉。在各国压力下,安东、营口两港遮断海路交通。交通遮断虽具有某种程度的现代性,但从政治运作角度来看,实质上是从中央到地方各种政治势力之间既合作又斗争的过程,展现了清政府应对突发事件的能力。
[Abstract]:In 1910, plague broke out in Northeast China. In order to deal with plague in the Northeast, the Qing government took measures to block traffic. The traffic condition in Northeast China determines that the traffic interruption must be carried out by rail, land and sea. A large number of foreign labor in this area has become the main object of traffic interruption. After the Qing government stopped operating railways, complicated negotiations were made between China and Russia, between the central and local governments, and between provinces and regions in order to prevent drudgery on foot. Initially, fearing that the entry of drudgery would lead to the spread of the epidemic and increase local pressure, Zhili and Shandong provincial governors banned drudgery from entering customs. After the New year of the Lunar New year, Zhili and Shandong provinces started to return to the northeast for a living, so the main content of traffic interruption evolved into the Eastern three provinces Governor to prevent the forced labor out of customs. Northeast governments between the interception and detention of drudgery also launched interest negotiations. Under the pressure of various countries, Andong, Yingkou two ports cut off sea traffic. Although traffic interruption has some degree of modernity, from the angle of political operation, it is actually a process of cooperation and struggle between various political forces from the central to the local level, which shows the Qing government's ability to deal with unexpected events.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代历史研究所;
【分类号】：K252

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