清末民初思想话语中的“民权”与“国权”

发布时间：2018-05-25 08:03

本文选题：民权 + 国权　；参考：《社会科学辑刊》2017年06期

【摘要】："民权""国权"是清末民初思想文献中反复出现的概念,但人们使用这一对概念时,其所指却比较复杂。清末民初思想人士对于"民权"的使用,或指参政权,或指参政权与自由权,或指人民的权力、权利能力。民国初年,思想界所称"民权",其所指一般包括自由权与参政权两个方面,但其重心在参政权。国民党大张"民权"的旗帜,立宪党人乃大张"国权"的旗帜以与之抗衡。一般情况下,民国初年的立宪党人所使用的"民权"一词,可能指国民之参政权,也可能指国民之自由权,有时也可能两者都包括。清末民初人们对"国权"一词的使用,比较复杂,在不同的语境中,其所指有所不同,需要加以细致的区分,或指国家权力,或指主权,或指主权之某一方面如统治权、独立权,或又指政府权。
[Abstract]:The concept of "civil rights" and "national power" is a concept that appears repeatedly in the ideological literature of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, but when people use this pair of concepts, their reference is quite complex. The use of civil rights by ideological personages in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China refers to the right to participate in political power and freedom, or to the power and ability of the people. In the early years of the Republic of China, the ideological circle referred to "civil rights", which generally included two aspects: freedom and political participation, but its focus was on political participation. The Nationalist Party held the banner of civil rights, and the constitutionalists opposed it to the banner of national power. In general, the term "civil rights" used by constitutionalists in the early years of the Republic of China may refer to the right of citizens to participate in political power, to their right to freedom, and sometimes to both. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the use of the term "national power" was quite complicated. In different contexts, the meaning of "national power" was different and needed to be carefully distinguished, either referring to state power or to one aspect of sovereignty, such as sovereignty. Independence, or the power of government.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：K252

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