海口与内河:鸦片战争期间清廷的水文调查及影响

发布时间：2018-05-28 15:19

  本文选题：鸦片战争 + 清廷　； 参考：《历史教学(下半月刊)》2017年04期

【摘要】：鸦片战争期间,清廷对中国沿海的地理形势、海岸特点以及海洋水文要素展开大规模调查,据此掌握海防知识,用以指引海防部署,涉及范围北至奉天,南及广东,其调查结果的精确度较高。但清廷奉行守海口战略,也不了解英军的军事实力和战略战术,水文调查结果反而令其误判英军的进攻方向,将主要海防力量部署在缺少礁浅沙线的海口,疏忽了对许多浅狭的海口、水道和内河的防范,这使英军利用海军攻击正面和陆军抄袭侧后的战术屡试不爽。对水文调查结果的错误应用,也是鸦片战争失败的重要原因。
[Abstract]:During the Opium War, the Qing government carried out a large-scale investigation of the geographical situation, coastal characteristics and marine hydrological elements of China's coastal areas, so as to master the knowledge of coastal defense to guide the deployment of coastal defense, covering the north to Fengtian, the south and Guangdong. The accuracy of its findings is high. However, the Qing government pursued the Haikou strategy and did not understand the military strength and strategic tactics of the British army. Instead, the hydrological investigation result led it to misjudge the direction of the British attack and deploy the main coastal defense forces in Haikou, where the reef and sand line is missing. Neglecting to guard against many shallow estuaries, waterways, and inland waterways, the British use naval assault frontal and army plagiarism tactics. The wrong application of hydrological survey results is also an important reason for the defeat of the Opium War.
【作者单位】： 浙江师范大学人文学院历史系;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“清中叶英国在南海的地图测绘及其影响研究(1780—1820)”(项目编号:15CZS015)阶段性成果
【分类号】：E295;K252
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本文编号：1947218