建国初期河南省土地改革运动研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 03:50

本文选题：建国初期 + 河南省　；参考：《河南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1949年夏至1952年初,在中国共产党的领导下,河南省在新解放区开展了轰轰烈烈的土地改革运动。与中国共产党领导的以往的土地改革运动不同,这次土改是在全国的人民政权已经建立的情况下开展的,建国初期中国共产党依然面对各种各样的挑战和不利局面,新解放区的土地改革发生在这样一个非常时期,有着它的历史必然性。完成土地改革是中国新民主主义革命的必然要求,也是巩固农村人民基层政权的需要。加之当时正处于新旧经济体制的转变中,国内面临着严峻的经济形势,中共中央要实现我国财政经济的根本好转,迈出的重要一步就是有步骤有秩序的进行土地改革。土地改革之前河南省的土地状况有个显著特点——土地高度集中。占总人口不到10㳠的地主阶级占有全省50㳠的耕地。在极其不合理的土地分配制度以及地主残酷的地租、高利贷剥削之下,绝大多数无地和少地的农民过着异常贫困的生活。河南省的土地改革是根据中共中央和中南局关于新区土改的路线方针政策,以及《中华人民共和国土地法大纲》进行的。河南省土地改革的全过程大致可分为三个阶段:准备阶段(1949年初——1949年夏),这期间进行了清匪反霸、减租减息和发动组织群众等准备工作;展开阶段(1949年冬——1951年春),本阶段主要在全省范围内进行了三批土改;复查阶段(1951年夏——1952年2月),主要对之前的土改进行全面的检查整顿,纠正错划的阶级成份,壮大农民协会力量,巩固基层政权。建国初期河南省土地改革是在党中央的领导下,从本省的客观实际情况出发,有计划有步骤分批次一步一步进行的,大致都经历了如下步骤:一是广泛大力宣传土改政策,积极动员人民群众,组建土改的骨干力量。二诉苦划分阶级,深入开展斗争,三是没收分配地主的土地财产,分配给无地和少地的农民。四是组建各种组织,发放土地证,确定地权。五是结束土改,转向生产建设。纵观建国初期河南省土地改革的全过程,由于主观和客观的原因,也有它不足的地方,使得土地改革工作存在“夹生”现象。但是取得的成就是毋庸置疑的。消灭了地主阶级,使农村的土地占有制合理化,农民经过土地改革获得了土地,改善了生活状况,为随后河南省社会经济的发展奠定了基础。分析和研究建国初期河南省的土地改革问题,总结其历史经验和教训,对于正确认识河南农村阶级斗争、土地改革和经济建设的长期性和复杂性,深刻揭示了中国革命的发展规律和特点,都具有重要的学术价值和理论意义。尤其是目前我国改革开放进一步深入,农村、农业、农民即所谓的“三农”问题日益成为制约我国进一步向前发展的主要问题。通过对河南省土地改革的原因、政策、方法、措施、作用、经验和特点等问题的探讨,可以为现今河南省农村社会的稳定和谐,农业的发展,以及今后农村的改革提供历史依据和借鉴。
[Abstract]:In 1949, in early summer and early 1952, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Henan province launched a vigorous land reform movement in the new Jiefang District. Unlike the former land reform movement led by the Communist Party of China, the land reform was opened under the establishment of the National People's power, and the Communist Party of China was still facing each other in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. The land reform of the new Jiefang District has taken place in such a very period, with its historical inevitability. The completion of land reform is the inevitable requirement of the new democratic revolution in China and the need to consolidate the grass-roots political power of the rural people. In addition, it is facing the transformation of the new and old economic system at that time. In the severe economic situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China must take steps and orderly land reform to achieve a fundamental improvement in China's financial and economic situation.
Before the land reform, the land situation in Henan province has a remarkable feature - the high concentration of land. The landlord class, which accounts for less than 10 of the total population, occupies 50? Of the province's arable land. In the extremely unreasonable land distribution system and the cruelty landlords of the landlords, under the usury exploitation, the vast majority of the landless and less land farmers live an abnormally poor life. The land reform in Henan province is based on the policy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central South Bureau on the route policy of the new land reform in the new area and the outline of the land law of People's Republic of China. The whole process of land reform in Henan can be divided into three stages: the preparatory stage (early in 1949, summer of 1949), during which the anti hegemony of the bandits, the reduction of rent and interest and the reduction of interest and interest were carried out. To organize the preparations for the organization of the masses and so on; in the unfolding stage (winter of 1949 - 1951 spring), the three batch of soil reform was carried out in the whole province in this stage; the reexamination stage (1951 summer February 1952) was carried out in a comprehensive examination and rectification of the previous soil reform, the correction of the wrong class composition, the strength of the peasant association and the consolidation of the grass-roots power.
In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the land reform of Henan province was under the leadership of the Party Central Committee. Starting from the objective actual situation of the province, there were plans to step by step and step by step. The following steps were carried out: first, extensive and vigorous propaganda of the policy of soil reform, the active mobilization of the people and the backbone of the construction of soil reform. Two The three is to confiscate the land and property of the landlord and distribute the land and property to the landless and less landlords. The four is to organize various organizations, to issue land certificates and to determine the land rights. Five is to end the land reform and turn to the production and construction. The whole process of land reform in Henan Province in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, because of the subjective and objective reasons, also has its shortcomings. There is no doubt in the achievements of the work of leather, but the landlord class is eliminated, the land possession system in the countryside is rationalized, the peasants have obtained the land through the land reform, improved the living conditions, and laid the foundation for the development of the social and economic development of Henan province.
The analysis and study of the land reform in Henan province in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China and summarizing its historical experience and lessons are of great academic and theoretical significance for the correct understanding of the long-term nature and complexity of the rural class struggle, land reform and economic construction in Henan, and are of great academic and theoretical significance. China's reform and opening up further, rural, agricultural, farmers, the so-called "three rural" problem has increasingly become the main problem which restricts the further development of our country. Through the discussion of the reasons, policies, methods, measures, functions, experience and characteristics of the land reform in Henan Province, it can be a stable and harmonious rural society in Henan province. It provides historical basis and reference for the development of agriculture and the reform of rural areas in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27

【参考文献】