“家”“国”与“满”“汉”——再论清帝逊位和1912年大妥协

发布时间：2018-05-29 21:01

本文选题：年 + 清帝逊位　；参考：《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：清帝逊位和1912年妥协是中国政治文化的一次剧变。这不仅在于完成从帝制到共和的转折,还在于,这场妥协在某种程度上更新了传统意义上的"改朝换代"。中国历来的政治文化中,鼎革是惨烈的,"君死社稷,臣死封疆,士死制"。"死",构成了一种政治规约。而1912年,在家国与种族的种种缠结当中,"坚守"丧失了合法性以及价值支撑,"妥协"则成为"奉天时""循尊养"的正当表达。妥协引导了一种平衡——皇亲、贵族、袁世凯,皆成为无负和平、齐赴共和的成员。西方世界的革命与现代转型大多循契约而成,这种由契约精神引领的妥协在中国传统政治中是鲜见的。因此,如果将妥协视为议会、宪政的一种基本原则,那么,辛亥年底的这场大妥协即具备了更为特殊的意义。革命,因种族之辨聚拢而成,却又在形成风暴之日迅速摆脱、超拔出这种单一的动员策略;进而,"家""国"与"满""汉"在平衡中达成和解。从反满到共和,撼动的不仅是帝制,还是随同帝制一起日渐消亡的政治与历史,它至少在形式上终结了帝制时代的政治文化,诠释并启航了中国政治的现代转型。
[Abstract]:The abdication of Qing Emperor and the compromise in 1912 were a dramatic change in Chinese political culture. This is not only to complete the transition from monarchy to republic, but also to a certain extent, this compromise has updated the traditional sense of "change of dynasty". In China's historical political culture, the Great Revolution was tragic, "the king died the state, the minister died in the frontier, and the scholar died." "death" constitutes a political statute. In 1912, among the intertwining between home country and race, "stick to" lost legitimacy and value support, "compromise" became the legitimate expression of "respect and support" in Fengtian time. Compromise led to a balance-royalty, aristocrat, Yuan Shikai, all members of the Republic without negative peace. The revolution and modern transformation in the western world are mostly based on contract. This kind of compromise led by contract spirit is rarely seen in Chinese traditional politics. Therefore, if compromise is regarded as a basic principle of parliament, constitutionalism, then the great compromise at the end of Xin Hai has more special significance. The revolution, formed by the rascals, quickly broke away from it on the day of the storm, and then reached a reconciliation between the "family" and "Man" and "Han" in the balance. From anti-Manchurian to Republican, what shook not only the monarchy, but also the politics and history which died away with the monarchy, at least in form, it ended the political culture of the imperial era, interpreted and set sail the modern transformation of Chinese politics.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院历史研究所;
【分类号】：K25

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