民国时期安徽矿业研究（1912-1945）

发布时间：2018-05-31 01:14

本文选题：民国时期 + 安徽矿业　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：安徽省矿产资源丰富,矿产种类繁多。以煤、铁、铜为主,兼有其他矿产。其中,部分矿产产量曾居全国首位,在能源供给等方面起着重要作用。清末以来,由于受外国资本主义和洋务运动的影响,安徽矿业开始起步,以池州煤矿最先利用机器生产为标志,逐渐步入近代行列。甲午战争后,外国商人在安徽创办了一系列矿厂,安徽地方人士也掀起了办矿热。随着对矿业重要性认识的加深,安徽民众开始从外国人手里争夺矿权以收回自办。但由于办矿者缺乏矿业知识、生产技术落后、设备陈旧等主观原因,致使办矿费工费时。加上日本低价收购铁矿、北洋军阀抢占矿山等外在因素,使安徽矿业发展遇到种种困难。但不可否认,清末民初,安徽矿业还是得到一定程度的发展。 20世纪二三十年代,安徽矿业出现衰败趋势。这一时期无论是官矿还是商矿,请领的矿区均为数不少,但因经费不足,拖欠矿税而被注销的矿区也不少。而日本压价采购矿石,更是雪上加霜,矿业看起来极不景气。但30年代创办的淮南煤矿给安徽矿业带来了勃勃生机,其从组织机构、交通运输到产销途径、生产设施都表现出良好的状况,这与政府资本的注入有着密切的关系。针对这一时期出现的各种问题,当时有关人士提出了种种意见和建议,力图振兴安徽矿业。对于存在问题严重的个别矿厂,如水东矿厂和馒头山矿厂,政府进行了有针对性的整顿,从筹款到工程修筑都全面指导和参与,力图使矿厂营利。抗战时期,日本利用华中振兴公司、华中矿业公司以及傀儡政权,对安徽地区包括矿业在内的经济事业进行了掠夺和统制,大量铁矿被运回日本或者用于战争。日本主要掠夺马鞍山铁矿和淮南煤矿等重要矿山,牵涉到的公司有裕繁公司、宝兴公司等铁矿公司和淮南煤矿公司,这些公司被日本不同程度地控制和利用,成为其原料产地。国难当头,民众主张和日本断绝一切经济往来,更不容许矿产输往日本。但是裕繁等公司为了自身利益,继续向日本输出矿砂,致使民怨沸腾。安徽民众抗议无效时甚至诉诸首都抗日救国会,请其制止这一行为。首都抗日救国会派人对这种行为进行了惩罚,但效果并不理想。抗战胜利后,大部分矿业公司被国民党当局接收,安徽矿业走向衰落。
[Abstract]:Anhui Province is rich in mineral resources and variety of mineral resources. Coal, iron, copper, as well as other minerals. Among them, some mineral production once occupied the first place in the country, and played an important role in energy supply and so on. Since the late Qing Dynasty, due to the influence of foreign capitalism and Westernization movement, Anhui mining industry began to start, taking Chizhou Coal Mine as the symbol of the first use of machine production, and gradually stepped into the ranks of modern times. After the Sino-Japanese War, foreign businessmen set up a series of mines in Anhui Province, Anhui local people also set off a mining boom. With the deepening of the importance of mining, Anhui people began to fight from foreigners to recover their own rights. However, due to the lack of mining knowledge, backward production technology, obsolete equipment and other subjective reasons, it takes time to run the mine. In addition, Japan's purchase of iron ore at a low price and the occupation of mines by northern warlords make the development of Anhui mining meet with various difficulties. However, there is no denying that the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Anhui mining or get a certain degree of development. In the 20 s and 30 s, Anhui mining industry declined. In this period, no matter the official mine or the commercial mine, the number of the mining area is many, but because of the shortage of funds, the mine tax is defaulted and many mining areas are written off. Japan's low prices for ore procurement, but also aggravated by the mining industry looks very depressed. But Huainan Coal Mine, which was founded in 1930's, has brought great vitality to Anhui mining industry. It shows good condition from organization, transportation to production and marketing, and production facilities, which is closely related to the injection of government capital. In view of the various problems appeared in this period, people concerned put forward various opinions and suggestions at that time, trying to revitalize Anhui mining industry. For individual mining plants with serious problems, such as Shuidong Mine Plant and steamed bun Toushan Mine Plant, the government has carried out targeted rectification, and has directed and participated in all aspects from fund-raising to project construction in an effort to make the mine factory profitable. During the Anti-Japanese War, Japan used Huazhong to revitalize the company, Huazhong mining company and puppet regime to plunder and control the economic undertakings in Anhui, including mining, and a large number of iron ore was transported back to Japan or used in the war. Japan mainly plundered important mines such as Ma'anshan Iron Mine and Huainan Coal Mine, involving Yufan Company, Baoxing Iron Mine Company and Huainan Coal Mine Company, which were controlled and utilized to varying degrees by Japan and became the source of raw materials. In the midst of the national disaster, the public advocated cutting off all economic ties with Japan and not allowing minerals to be exported to Japan. But companies such as Yufan continue to export ore to Japan for their own benefit, causing resentment. Anhui people even appealed to the anti-Japanese National Salvation Association when the protests were invalid, asking them to stop this behavior. Capital anti-Japanese National Salvation Association sent people to punish this behavior, but the effect is not ideal. After the victory, most mining companies were taken over by Kuomintang authorities and Anhui mining declined.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258;F429

【参考文献】