二十世纪三十年代广西基层干部政策研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 03:28

本文选题：新桂系 + 三自政策　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以二十世纪三十年代新桂系在广西乡村推行基层干部政策为研究对象,以期对新桂系制定基层干部政策的理论、内容、影响、以及历史地位进行深入的研究,以了解当时基层干部政策的特点以及对广西乡村社会的影响。本文认为新桂系在广大乡村推行的基层干部政策,其主观上是为加强其对乡村地区的控制,以巩固自身统治,防止了蒋介石和共产党对广西的渗透,但客观上促进了广西乡村社会发展。它实行的干部政策也是在当时南京国民政府统治中首屈一指的,在当时无疑具有一定的进步性。首先,新桂系推行基层干部政策是以重建乡村行政体系开始,在乡村地区进行乡村行政编组,把广西县以下地区划分为乡镇村街组织,集公所、民团、学校为一体构建,把新桂系势力渗入乡村社会,为新桂系推行基层干部政策打下了很好的基础。其次,广西当局以“三自政策”和《广西建设纲领》为理论基础来武装基层干部,并提出“行新政,用新人”的口号,这些理论为广西推行基层干部政策奠定了理论基础。再次,从基层干部来源入手,以年龄和学历为标准,选拔大量的年轻知识分子担任基层干部,并对他们进行培训,以加强对他们的控制,这些乡镇干部改变了乡村领袖群体结构,广西当局给基层干部发一定的薪水,以保障他们的生活,再加以工作考核,打击乡村土豪劣绅,提高社会地位,调动了他们工作的积极性。事实上基层干部已经成为国家正式公务员。这大大提过了新桂系行政效率。但我们应该注意到官僚体制也随之带入到乡村地区。以致在推行基层干部政策中,存在基层干部滥用权力现象,且乡村行政机构膨胀,基层干部人数的增加,无疑加重了广西人民的负担。总之,新桂系推行的基层干部政策在一定程度上改变了广西乡村权力构成,即乡绅、宗族和少数民族领袖对乡村政权控制减弱,使国家权力深入到广大农村地区,有利于培养乡民国家意识,尽管新桂系实行基层干部政策主观上是以巩固政权,防止蒋介石对其渗透,但实际上推动了广西乡村社会的发展,增强广西的地方实力,这也是在南京国民政府统治区域中基层干部政策推行时间最长、规模最大,推行地区最广,影响最深远的一次涉乡村领袖群体的改变。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the implementation of grassroots cadre policy in Guangxi rural areas in the 1930s as the object of study, with a view to deeply studying the theory, content, influence and historical status of the formulation of grass-roots cadre policy in Xinguizi. In order to understand the characteristics of grass-roots cadres policy and the impact on rural society in Guangxi. This paper holds that the grass-roots cadre policy carried out by Xinguizi in the vast rural areas is subjectively aimed at strengthening its control over the rural areas in order to consolidate its own rule and prevent the infiltration of the Jiang Jieshi and the Communist Party into Guangxi. But it promotes the development of Guangxi rural society objectively. Its cadre policy was second to none in the Nanjing National Government at that time and was undoubtedly progressive at that time. First of all, the implementation of the grassroots cadre policy in Xinguizi is to start with the reconstruction of the rural administrative system, to organize rural administration in rural areas, and to divide the areas below the county of Guangxi into township, village and street organizations, and to set up public offices, militia groups, and schools as one body. Infiltrating the forces of the new Guangxi into the rural society has laid a good foundation for the implementation of the grassroots cadre policy. Secondly, the Guangxi authorities armed the grassroots cadres on the theoretical basis of the "three-self policy" and the "Guangxi Construction Program" and put forward the slogan of "carrying out new policies and using new people", which laid a theoretical foundation for Guangxi to carry out the policy of cadres at the grass-roots level. Thirdly, starting from the sources of grass-roots cadres, selecting a large number of young intellectuals as grass-roots cadres and training them in order to strengthen control over them, according to their age and educational background, These township cadres have changed the group structure of rural leaders, and the Guangxi authorities have given grassroots cadres a certain salary in order to ensure their livelihood, to carry out work tests, to crack down on local tyrants and evil gentry in rural areas, and to raise their social status. They were motivated to work. In fact, grassroots cadres have become official civil servants. This greatly raised the administrative efficiency of the new Guangxi. But we should pay attention to the bureaucracy brought into the rural areas. As a result, in carrying out the policy of grassroots cadres, there exists the phenomenon of abusing power of grassroots cadres, and the expansion of rural administrative institutions and the increase of the number of grass-roots cadres undoubtedly increase the burden of the people of Guangxi. In a word, the grassroots cadre policy carried out by Xinguizi has, to a certain extent, changed the composition of rural power in Guangxi. That is, the control of rural political power by the squire, clan and ethnic minority leaders has weakened, and the state power has penetrated into the vast rural areas. It is conducive to the cultivation of the national consciousness of the villagers. Although the implementation of the grassroots cadre policy in Xinguizi is subjectively aimed at consolidating political power and preventing Jiang Jieshi from infiltrating it, it actually promotes the development of rural society in Guangxi and strengthens the local strength of Guangxi. This is also the longest time, the largest scale, the most extensive area and the most far-reaching change of the rural leaders in the area ruled by the Nanjing National Government.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D262.3;K265

【相似文献】