1933年中美棉麦借款研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 19:10

本文选题：中美棉麦借款 + 社会各界　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1933年5月29日,南京国民政府行政院副院长兼财政部长宋子文与美国财政复兴公司(The Reconstruction Crop.)签订了《中美棉麦借款协定》(The Cotton Wheat Loan)。棉麦借款协定签订后,中美双方曾发表声明,称“此举两国具得利益,即可减少美国大宗过剩品,又可鼓励经济上之复兴,间接有益于世界之物价,在中国方面更可救济内地棉麦灾荒”[1]。学术界也大多关注协定本身及其对中美两国的影响,缺少全面的研究。本文以棉麦借款的签订为基本线索,从其签订的背景、内容、社会各界对棉麦借款的反应及该借款对中国社会的影响等方面进行全面深入的论述。本文主要由三部分组成。第一部分主要是考察了棉麦借款签订的历史背景。1933年的《中美棉麦借款协定》是在中日民族矛盾日益激化的情况下达成的,宋子文欧洲之行,中国政府的目的在于寻求英美帮助以制衡日本,特别是发展与美国的经济联系,并通过经济的发展增强国力;之于美国,棉麦借款是其向中国倾销过剩农产品、转嫁经济危机的重要途径,但不能否认这是向日本施加压力的一种表示,是对中国抵御日本侵略作出的一种援助姿态,在一定程度上反映了罗斯福的战略考虑与政治远见。第二部分重点分析了中国社会各阶层对棉麦借款的反应。国民政府内部对借款的态度不一致,有赞成者,也有反对者,亦有观望者;中共则是持坚决反对的态度,并尖锐地揭露国民党借款的主要目的是剿灭共产党,破坏中国革命,同时认为该项借款增加了人民负担,破坏了农村经济;实业界和知识界则比较客观地评价其利弊,即当时由于中国自然灾害棉麦匮乏,若能有计划的实施,则可以解当时之窘困,救济农村,但若用于“剿匪”,于国于民都是有害的。第三部分通过数量分析的方法,分析借款协定的签订对于当时中国社会的影响,重点考察其对上海市场、棉纺织业和中国农村的影响。从棉麦借款的实效来看,它给国民党当局带来的财政经济上的帮助以及对国内经济的消极影响,均非当初人们想象的那么大。南京国民政府通过这笔借款获得的,主要是政治上、外交上的收益。
[Abstract]:In May 29, 1933, Song Ziwen, vice president and finance minister of the Nanjing national government, signed the Sino American cotton and wheat loan agreement (The Cotton Wheat Loan) with the The Reconstruction Crop.. After the signing of the cotton wheat loan agreement, the two sides of China and the United States issued a sound that "the two countries have benefits and can reduce the big US." The [1]. academia also paid more attention to the agreement itself and its impact on China and the United States and lack of comprehensive research. This article takes the loan of cotton and wheat as the basic clue, from its background, content and society. All walks of life have a comprehensive and in-depth discussion on the reaction of cotton and wheat loans and the impact of the loan on Chinese society.
This article is mainly composed of three parts. The first part mainly examines the historical background of the signing of the cotton and wheat borrowing in.1933, the Sino American cotton and wheat loan agreement was reached in the case of the increasing intensification of the Sino Japanese ethnic contradiction, Song Ziwen's European trip. The purpose of the Chinese government is to seek British and American help to balance Japan, especially the development of the United States. Economic ties and economic development enhance national strength; in the United States, cotton and wheat borrowing is an important way of dumping surplus agricultural products into China and transferring to the economic crisis. But it can not be denied that this is a expression of pressure on Japan, a gesture of assistance to China's resistance to Japanese aggression, to a certain extent, Roosevelt The second part focuses on the response of the Chinese social strata to the loan of cotton and wheat. The attitude of the national government to the borrowing is inconsistent, the supporters, the opponents, and the observers; the Communist Party is a resolute objection, and the main purpose of the Kuomintang's borrowing is to eliminate the Communist party. At the same time, the Chinese revolution was destroyed. At the same time, the loan increased the burden of the people and destroyed the rural economy; the industry and the intellectual circles objectively evaluated its advantages and disadvantages. That is, because of the shortage of cotton and wheat in China's natural disasters, if it could be implemented in a planned way, it could solve the embarrassment of the time and relieve the countryside, but if it was used for "bandit suppression", the country and the people were all the people. The third part analyzes the influence of the signing of the loan agreement on the Chinese society at that time through the quantitative analysis method, focusing on its influence on the Shanghai market, the cotton textile industry and the rural China. From the actual effect of the cotton and wheat borrowing, the financial and economic help it brings to the Kuomintang authorities and the negative shadow on the domestic economy are given. The national government of Nanjing won the political and diplomatic gains through this loan.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K263

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