五四前后李大钊民主思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 03:29

本文选题：李大钊 + “五四”　；参考：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：民主是我们国家和人民在中国特色社会主义建设过程中一直以来的执着追求和奋斗目标。历任领导人及领导集体都对民主在中国的实现进行了不懈的探索。在十七大报告中,我们党对民主的表述又上升到一个新的高度,指出民主不仅是社会主义的本质要求,更是社会主义的生命。作为宣扬民主思想的重要旗手,李大钊的民主思想在五四前后经历了从资产阶级民主思想到无产阶级民主思想的转变,最终坚定地选择了以马克思主义为指导的社会主义民主,其民主思想具有典型性、先进性、成熟性。我们重新梳理五四前后李大钊的民主思想及其转变过程对社会主义民主政治现代化建设具有重要的借鉴意义。李大钊民主思想的形成离不开中国近代特殊的历史环境,通过梳理其民主思想形成的历史背景,不仅反映出其民主思想产生的客观必然性,是历史和时代的呼唤,同时更反映了其本人强烈的政治救国愿望。以五四前后为李大钊民主思想的发展的时间线索,五四前通过对李大钊民主思想形成的三个阶段：辛亥革命前后、日本留学前后、俄国二月革命前后的梳理,逐步理清李大钊民主思想如何从民本思想过度到了资产阶级民主思想,并形成了有自己特色的“惟民主义”的民彝观、民主主义的宪政观和民主主义的自由观。第一次世界大战的爆发和俄国十月革命的胜利使李大钊意识到“西式”的资产阶级民主思想存在着不可克服的缺点,同时新型“俄式”民主给在黑暗中徘徊的李大钊带来了生机,李大钊开始逐渐对资产阶级民主产生动摇和怀疑,并开始树立无产阶级民主的信念。五四后马克思主义传入中国,李大钊开始用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法来分析中国所面临的实际问题,他对资本主义民主的本质有了深刻地认识,确立了以马克思主义为指导的无产阶级民主思想,彻底抛弃了“西式”的资产阶级民主思想。五四前后李大钊的民主思想是阶段性与传承性的辩证统一,他以独特的政治敏感性,成为了用马克思主义指导中国民主方向的第一人,并创造了民主建设的新起点,其中包括：社会主义的民主观、民主主义的民众观、平民主义的工人政治观。“历史是有生命的；僵死陈腐的记录不能表现那鲜活的生命,全靠我们后人有新的历史观念,去整理他,认识他。”我们以五四时期为主线,认真分析和研究李大钊五四前后民主思想转变的过程、转变的原因、转变的意义、及其民主思想的内容及特点,目的不仅是理清楚李大钊民主思想的整体脉络,更重要的是找出存在于史实下的进步真理,起到“以史为鉴”作用,推进我们社会主义民主现代化进程。
[Abstract]:Democracy is the persistent pursuit and goal of our country and people in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Successive leaders and collective leaders have made unremitting efforts to realize democracy in China. In the report of the Seventeenth National Congress, our party's expression of democracy has risen to a new height, pointing out that democracy is not only the essential requirement of socialism, but also the life of socialism. As an important standard-bearer of propagating democratic thought, Li Dazhao's democratic thought experienced the transformation from bourgeois democratic thought to proletarian democratic thought before and after the May 4th Movement, and finally resolutely chose socialist democracy guided by Marxism. His democratic thought is typical, advanced and mature. It is of great significance for the modernization of socialist democracy to rearrange the democratic thought and its transformation process of Li Dazhao before and after the May 4th Movement. The formation of Li Dazhao's democratic thought can not be separated from the special historical environment in modern China. By combing the historical background of the formation of Li Dazhao's democratic thought, it not only reflects the objective inevitability of its democratic thought, but also is the call of history and times. At the same time, it also reflects his own strong political desire to save the nation. Taking the May 4th Movement as the time clue for the development of Li Dazhao's democratic thought, the three stages of the formation of Li Dazhao's democratic thought before the May 4th Movement: before and after the 1911 Revolution, before and after the Japanese study abroad, and before and after the Russian February Revolution. It is gradually clear how Li Dazhao's democratic thought has passed from the people-oriented thought to the bourgeois democratic thought, and has formed its own characteristic view of the people Yi, the democratic constitutionalism and the democratic freedom. The outbreak of the first World War and the victory of the Russian Revolution in October made Li Dazhao realize that "Western-style" bourgeois democratic ideas had insuperable shortcomings. At the same time, the new "Russian" democracy brought vitality to Li Dazhao, who lingered in the dark. Li Dazhao began to waver and doubt bourgeois democracy, and began to establish the belief of proletarian democracy. After the May 4th Movement, Marxism was introduced into China, and Li Dazhao began to analyze the practical problems facing China with Marxist stand, viewpoint and method. He had a profound understanding of the essence of capitalist democracy. The proletarian democracy thought guided by Marxism was established and the bourgeois democracy thought of "western style" was completely abandoned. Before and after the May 4th Movement, Li Dazhao's democratic thought was a dialectical unity of stage and inheritance. With his unique political sensitivity, he became the first person to guide China's democratic direction with Marxism, and created a new starting point for the construction of democracy. These include socialist democracy, democratic populace and populist politics of workers. "there is life in history, and the dead and stale records do not represent that living life. It all depends on our posterity having a new historical concept to sort him out and know him." Taking the May 4th period as the main line, we carefully analyze and study the process of democratic thought transformation before and after the May 4th Movement of Li Dazhao, the reasons for the change, the significance of the change, and the content and characteristics of the democratic thought. The purpose is not only to understand the overall context of Li Dazhao's democratic thought, but also to find out the progressive truth existing in the historical facts, to play the role of "learning from history" and to promote our socialist democratic modernization process.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D092;K251

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