晚清“经世文编”中的吏治思想

发布时间：2018-06-02 14:30

本文选题：经世文编 + 吏治思想　；参考：《贵州师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1827年,贺长龄编写了第一部经世文编,之后,何良栋、麦仲华等人相继编写了十余部经世文编。经历了80年,在晚清文化史上具有重要的意义。清代的政治、经济、文化、军事、外交等文章是文编的重要组成部分,为今天研究清朝的统治提供了重要的参考资料,具有重要的史料价值。文编的编写过程中始终秉持着“经世致用”的指导思想,经世观念最早源于《庄子.齐物篇》中“春秋经世,先王之志”的论述,其后演变为儒家道义的根本。嘉道时期,经世思想开始萌动,有社会批判与倡导改革的主张,士人阶层开始关注社会现实,萌生了一些经世思想。到鸦片战争前夕,以贺长龄、魏源为代表的思想家,倡导以土地、赋税、盐政、河工、吏治等实政为主要内容,开创了近代经世致用的新风气。经世文编的编写为统治者的统治提供了参考,以研究和解决现实问题为中心,改革弊政,谋求自强。晚清以来,封建统治出现危机,面对内忧外侮,社会动荡不安。而吏治中出现的问题也是晚清政局岌岌可危的一个表现,经世文编中也记录了晚清以来的吏治思想,是晚清政治结构中的重要组成部分。因此,有必要对晚清各个时期的经世文编中的吏治思想进行研究。文编中对于吏治思想的讨论主要集中在三个方面,一个是从整体上整顿吏治,包括培养廉洁的官场风气,考核官员要名实相符和裁减冗员、创新体制改革的思想,这既体现出晚清存在吏治腐败、机构臃肿的问题,也反映出先进的知识分子已经懂得官吏作为连接统治阶级和下层百姓的桥梁作用,希望从整顿官场开始,谋求社会的稳定。第二个方面是对居官者的要求,包括官宜久居、人地相宜及勤学的思想,有提高行政效率的目的,同时对官员自身的行为修养也有要求,为官者要勤学慎思、实事求是。第三个方面是针对清朝选官途径繁杂,存在官员滥竽充数的现象进行讨论,首先探讨了捐官的利弊,作者们大都持禁止捐纳的思想,有人提出解决国用不足的问题可以通过国债,民间集资的方法,表现出国人已经不再拘束于传统的小农经济、重农抑商的生产方式。还有知人善任、严格考察的选官思想,严格选拔牧令则体现出了执政为民和长治久安的思想。已经认识到民众是国家的根本,是国家存在的前提,治理好人民,才能治理好国家。
[Abstract]:In 1827, he Changling wrote the first book. Later, he Liangdong, Mak Zhonghua and others wrote more than ten books. After 80 years, it is of great significance in the cultural history of the late Qing Dynasty. The political, economic, cultural, military, diplomatic and other articles of the Qing Dynasty are an important part of the literary compilation, which provides an important reference for the study of the rule of the Qing Dynasty today and has important historical value. In the process of compiling the essay, the guiding ideology of "applying the world to the world" has always been upheld, and the idea of "handling the world" originates from "Zhuangzi". The argumentation of the Spring and Autumn period and the aspiration of the King later evolved into the foundation of Confucian morality. During the period of Jia Dao, the thought of Confucian thought began to germinate, with the idea of social criticism and reform, and scholars began to pay attention to the social reality and gave birth to some thoughts. On the eve of the Opium War, the thinkers represented by he Changling and Wei Yuan advocated land, taxation, salt administration, river work and official administration as the main contents, thus creating a new trend of practical use in modern times. The compilation of Jingshi articles provides a reference for the rulers to study and solve practical problems, reform the government and strive for self-improvement. Since the late Qing Dynasty, feudal rule appeared crisis, faced with internal and foreign aggression, social unrest. The problems in the administration of officials are also a manifestation of the precarious political situation in the late Qing Dynasty, which also records the thought of official administration since the late Qing Dynasty and is an important part of the political structure of the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it is necessary to study the thought of administration of officials in various periods of the late Qing Dynasty. The discussion on the idea of official administration mainly focuses on three aspects. The first is to rectify the administration of officials as a whole, including cultivating a clean and honest atmosphere of officialdom, examining officials to be in line with their names and reducing redundant personnel, and innovating the idea of reforming the system. This not only reflects the existence of corruption of officials and bloated organizations in the late Qing Dynasty, but also reflects that the advanced intellectuals have already understood the role of officials as a bridge between the ruling class and the lower common people, hoping to start with rectifying the official system and seeking social stability. The second aspect is the request to the officials, including the thought that the officials should live for a long time, the people and the land are suitable and diligent to study, have the purpose of improving the administrative efficiency, at the same time, there is also the request to the official's own behavior accomplishment, it is necessary for the officials to study carefully and seek truth from facts. The third aspect is to discuss the various ways of selecting officials in the Qing Dynasty and the phenomenon of officials making up the number of officials. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of donating officials are discussed. Most of the authors hold the idea of prohibiting donations. Some people put forward to solve the problem of insufficient use of national debt, private fund-raising methods, showing that the people are no longer confined to the traditional small-scale peasant economy, the production mode of emphasizing agriculture and inhibiting business. There is also the idea of selecting officials and strict selection of pastoral order reflects the idea of ruling for the people and lasting peace. It has been recognized that the people are the basis of the country, is the premise of the existence of the country, good governance of the people, can govern the country well.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K252

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