近代美国对华军事政策（1840-1911）

发布时间：2018-06-04 06:27

本文选题：美国 + 晚清时期　；参考：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代的中国处于晚清腐朽没落的统治时期，欧美列强凭借“炮舰政策”，打开了中国的大门，使中国沦为半殖民地。美国自独立以后，一直以领土扩张为国策，通过“西进运动”吞并了北美大陆。美国的经济逐渐发展壮大，到19世纪末成为世界最大的经济大国。同时，其军事力量也强大起来，成为世界军事大国。外交思想能够为军事政策提供一个宏观导向作用。同时，对外军事活动必须受到外交政策节制，外交政策是国家政策的对外体现，对外军事活动是贯彻国家对外政策的方式。而外交活动可以为军事行动创造有利的条件。所以本文的第二章探讨了美国外交思想、外交政策以及几个不同时期的外交活动。美国外交政策的目标是为了开辟更广阔的殖民地和海外市场，中国成了美国在亚太地区扩张的重点。美国在制定对华外交政策的过程中，以军事力量为后盾，制定军事政策作为实现其外交目标的主要手段，其军事政策的变化又是随着经济和军事力量的逐渐强大而变化的。在其经济军事力量弱小时，通过“搭便车”的联合行动达到美国的利益。随着美国的国力增强就逐渐扩大对华的军事卷入，支持镇压太平军起义，对中国周边地区进行侵略。进入帝国主义后阶段后，便全面独立地使用武力在华推行其扩张政策，包括参加八国联军，推行“门户开放”政策，与其他列强竞争在华的势力范围。本文从美国的角度出发，将美国历史上的对华外交和军事政策融为一体，对1840-1911年中国近代的美国对华军事政策进行全面的梳理和总结。本文运用多学科交叉的方法，，将历史学中的中国近代史和世界史、军事学、国际关系、外交学、文化学、宗教学等学科结合起来，互相补充，尝试对1840年至1911年中国近代史的美国对华军事政策进行全面、深入的研究。在资料方面，尽量搜集了有关的中英文资料，努力做到史料详实准确，史论结合，论据充分。全文分六部分，即：一、美国的崛起，二、早期美国外交和对华外交政策，三、早期美国对华军事政策（1840-1865），四、武力介入中国事务(1865-19世纪末)，五、全面出兵侵华（19世纪末-1911年），六、美国对华军事政策评述。自1840年至1911年美国对华70年间的军事政策证明了：海外扩张是美国的国策。美国海外扩张的重点是在亚洲太平洋地区，尤其是以中国为主要目标。美国的外交一直是以军事力量作为其重要工具，采取的军事行动是为了实现外交政策的目标。美国在历史上正是凭借强大的军事力量为后盾，才打开了中国的大门，取得了和列强在华侵略的平起平坐的地位。可以说，军事政策是美国对华外交政策的重要方面，军事力量是美国推行对华政策的工具。
[Abstract]:The modern China was in the period of the decadent and decadent period of the late Qing Dynasty. By virtue of the "gunship policy", the European and American powers opened the door of China and reduced China into a semi colonialism. Since independence, the United States has been expanding its territory into a national policy and annexed the North American continent through the "westward movement". The economy of the United States has gradually expanded and became the end of the nineteenth Century. At the same time, its military power is also strong and become a world military power. Diplomatic thought can provide a macro oriented role for military policy. At the same time, foreign military activities must be controlled by foreign policy, foreign policy is the external embodiment of national policy, and foreign military activities are the implementation of national foreign policy. And diplomatic activities can create favorable conditions for military action. So the second chapter of this article discusses American diplomatic ideas, foreign policy and several different periods of diplomatic activity.
The goal of American foreign policy is to open wider colonies and overseas markets. China has become the focus of the expansion of the United States in the Asia Pacific region. In the process of formulating foreign policy towards China, the United States has made military policy as the main means to achieve its diplomatic goals in the process of formulating foreign policy towards China. The economic and military forces have gradually changed. In the weak hours of their economic and military forces, the United States achieved the interests of the United States through joint action of "hitchhiking". As the strength of the United States increased, it gradually expanded its military involvement in China, supported the suppression of the uprising of the Taiping Army and invaded the surrounding areas of China. After entering the post of imperialist stage, The full and independent use of force to promote its expansion policy in China, including participation in the coalition of eight countries, the implementation of the "open door" policy, and the scope of the competition in China with other powers.
This article, from the angle of the United States, combines the diplomatic and military policy of the United States with China in the history of the United States, and makes a comprehensive review and summary of the military policy of the United States to China in modern China in the past 1840-1911 years. This article uses the multidisciplinary approach to make the history of modern China and world history, military science, international relations, foreign relations, culture and culture in the history of history. Studies, religions and other disciplines are combined to complement each other and try to carry out a thorough and thorough study of the military policy of the United States to China in the modern history of China from 1840 to 1911. As far as information is concerned, the relevant Chinese and English materials are collected as much as possible.
The full text is divided into six parts: first, the rise of the United States, two, early American diplomacy and foreign policy to China, three, early American military policy to China (1840-1865), four, armed intervention in Chinese Affairs (at the end of the 1865-19 century), five, full-scale troops invading China (late nineteenth Century -1911), six, and the US military policy review of the United States to China.
The military policy of 70 years from 1840 to 1911 demonstrated that overseas expansion is the national policy of the United States. The focus of American overseas expansion is in the Asia Pacific region, especially China as its main goal. American diplomacy has always been a military force as its important tool and the military action is to achieve foreign policy. In history, the United States, with its powerful military force, opened the door to China and achieved the equable position of the invasion of the powers in China. It can be said that military policy is an important aspect of the US foreign policy to China, and the military force is the tool for the us to carry out its policy towards China.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K252

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