从紧密合作到冲突对抗——20世纪50-60年代中苏军事关系发展述论

发布时间：2018-06-04 07:47

本文选题：中苏 + 军事关系　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着20世纪80年代以来中苏关系的转暖及正常化,中国大陆对中苏关系的研究逐渐淡化了意识形态色彩,开始转向学术性并取得了丰硕的成果。但目前学界详细论述20世纪50-60年代中苏两国军事关系从合作到对抗这一巨大转变过程缘起、表现及影响的文章尚不多见。本文采取实证史学、跨学科研究的方法,从军事关系的特殊角度,全面审视了20世纪50-60年代中苏的军事合作与对抗,既可以为我国的军队建设提供有益借鉴,亦可以深化中苏关系研究。 20世纪50年代中苏军事的紧密合作与这一时期双方在政治、外交等领域的深入交往有密切的关系。共同的意识形态、“一边倒”的外交政策、休戚相关的安全利益、《中苏友好同盟互助条约》的签订等诸多因素的共同作用使两国在“蜜月期”加强军事合作成为历史的必然。这一时期,苏联向中国提供了规模庞大的军事援助,主要包括：在联合军事行动方面,苏联空军多次参与援华的军事行动；在人员方面,两军开展了多种渠道的人员交流；在军队建设方面,苏联积极支持和帮助中国军队进行正规化建设；在军备物资方面,苏联向中国提供了种类繁多的陆、海、空三军武器装备、技术及金额巨大的贷款；在历史遗留问题方面,苏联归还了占领中国多年的旅顺等军事基地。从20世纪60年代开始,由于中苏在民族文化、国家利益、战略利益、意识形态等方面的差异,两国的外交争端不断增加,加上与敏感复杂的边界问题相纠结,中苏军事冲突终于爆发,以珍宝岛边界战争最为激烈。之后,苏联在边境地区大幅备战并制造了一系列挑衅事件。而中方针对中苏战争爆发的可能性,也采取了一系列必要的备战措施。中苏双方不可避免地进入到全面的军事对抗阶段。纵观20世纪50-60年代中苏军事关系,历经积极合作到严重对峙的发展变化,对中苏两国都产生了巨大影响。基于这一巨大转变的启示,我们只有首先致力于本国军事科技的研发,然后积极借鉴、吸收其他国家建军兴兵的经验,坚定不移地走独立自主国防建设之路,才能真正实现富国强兵的伟大目标。
[Abstract]:With the warming and normalization of Sino-Soviet relations since the 1980s, the study of Sino-Soviet relations in mainland China gradually downplayed the ideological color, began to turn to academic and achieved fruitful results. However, there are few articles on the origin, performance and influence of the military relations between China and the Soviet Union from cooperation to confrontation in the 1950s and 1960s. This article adopts the method of empirical historiography and interdisciplinary research, from the special angle of military relations, comprehensively examines the military cooperation and confrontation between China and the Soviet Union in the 50-60 's of the 20th century, which can provide useful reference for the military construction of our country. It can also deepen the study of Sino-Soviet relations. The close cooperation between China and the Soviet Union in the 1950s was closely related to the deep exchanges between the two sides in politics, diplomacy and other fields. The common ideology, one-sided foreign policy, closely related security interests, and the signing of the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between China and the Soviet Union make it a historical necessity for the two countries to strengthen military cooperation during the honeymoon period. During this period, the Soviet Union provided China with a large scale of military assistance, mainly including: in the joint military operations, the Soviet Air Force participated in military operations to assist China many times, in terms of personnel, the two armed forces carried out personnel exchanges through various channels. In the field of military construction, the Soviet Union actively supported and helped the Chinese army to carry out regularization construction, and in terms of military materials, the Soviet Union provided China with a wide variety of weapons, equipment, technology and huge loans for the armed forces. In the legacy of history, the Soviet Union returned military bases such as Lushun, which had occupied China for many years. Since the 1960s, due to differences in national culture, national interests, strategic interests, ideology and so on, the diplomatic disputes between the two countries have been increasing, and they have been entangled with sensitive and complex border issues. The military conflict between China and the Soviet Union finally broke out, with the border war on Treasure Island being the fiercest. After that, the Soviet Union was heavily prepared for the border and created a series of provocations. China has also taken a series of necessary measures to prepare for the possibility of a war between China and the Soviet Union. China and the Soviet Union inevitably entered the stage of full-scale military confrontation. Looking at the military relations between China and the Soviet Union in the 50-60 's of the 20th century, the development and changes of positive cooperation and serious confrontation have had a great impact on both China and the Soviet Union. Based on the enlightenment of this tremendous change, we can only devote ourselves first to the research and development of our own military science and technology, and then actively draw lessons from the experience of other countries in building up and rejuvenating our troops, and unswervingly follow the road of independent national defense construction. In order to truly achieve the great goal of a rich nation and a strong army.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27;E297

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